Position in chronology
KM 89497
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P235225.
Transliteration
1(u) la2 2(disz@t) gurusz u4 1(disz)-sze3 sig4#?-sig4#? gub-ba 1(u) 4(disz) gurusz u4 1(disz)-sze3 e2 szakkan2 gub-ba gurum2 ak a2 lu2 hun-ga2 ki lugal-a2-zi-da iti du6-ku3 u4 2(u) la2 1(disz) zal-la mu us2-sa ki-masz ba-hul mu us2-sa-bi
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — KM 89497. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (P235225) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P235225..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.