Position in chronology
JANES 09, 24 10
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P111775.
Transliteration
2(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar [...] 2(asz) sze gur-bi ki# ur-nigar-ta i3-li2-isz-ra-ni szu# ba-ti igi ba-x-[x] igi en-lil2-la2-[x] igi szu-da-x mu lugal pa3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — JANES 09, 24 10. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P111775) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P111775..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.