Position in chronology
ISHS MS481-03
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P465778.
Transliteration
2(gesz2) 1(u) kusz gar ka <dug> ba-ba saga kesz2-de3 ki a-kal-la-ta kiszib3 lu2-bala-saga iti diri mu us2-sa ki#-masz ba-hul lu2-bala#-[sa6-ga] dub#-[sar] dumu ma-ma
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — ISHS MS481-03. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Idaho State Archives, Idaho State Historical Society, Boise, Idaho, USA (P465778) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P465778..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.