Position in chronology
HUJI 07041
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P429824.
Transliteration
[...]-gi dumu lugal-ti-da ur-szu-ga-lam-ma dumu ki-tusz-lu2 dam-gar3 szu-du8-a-ni gub giri3 a-gu-za szitim iti gu4-ra2-izi-mu2-mu2 mu us2-sa ki-masz ba-hul mu us2-sa-a-bi ur-szu-ga-[lam-ma] dumu ki-tusz-lu2 dam-gar3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HUJI 07041. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem (P429824) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P429824..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.