Position in chronology
HLC 224 (pl. 109)
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110098.
Transliteration
1(ban2) 3(disz) sila3 dabin [...] ga a-ra2 1(disz)-kam 2(ban2)? ga a-ra2 2(disz)-kam 2(ban2) 4(disz) sila3 ga a-ra2 3(disz)-kam gal-ka szabra-sze3 1(ban2) szesz-kal-la 4(disz) sila3 bar ur?-nigar 7(disz) sila3 ga me-en zi-ga ma2 gag-sikil u3-sze3 mu en inanna ba-hun szu-nin-szubur i3!-du8 dumu hul?-[...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 224 (pl. 109). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P110098) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110098..
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Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.