Position in chronology
HLC 112 (pl. 095)
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109989.
Transliteration
1(disz) i3-su szesz-gal nam-1(u) 1(disz) ur-lu2-lal3 lu2 zah3 ur-dun dumu hi-li2 1(disz) lu2-gu3-de2-a libir nu dab-ba 1(disz) ur-mes mu en-lil2-la2-sze3 1(disz) lu2-usz-gi-na szunigin 5(disz) gurusz nu dab-ba sze szu nu-ti-[a] iti amar-a-a-si# sza3 kiri6 ki-sur-ra-ka
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 112 (pl. 095). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P109989) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109989..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.