Position in chronology
Hermitage 3, 237
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration and photographed, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
The world it comes from
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
From the same catalogue range (near P211513)
Transliteration
3(disz) gu4 7(disz) u8 8(disz) masz2 mu aga3-us2-e-ne-sze3 3(u) udu mu nu-banda3 kaskal-ta er-ra-ne-sze3 szu-gid2 e2-muhaldim-sze3 u4 1(u) 3(disz)-kam ki in-ta-e3-a-ta ba-zi iti szu-esz5-sza mu en-mah-gal-an-na ba-hun 3(disz) gu4 4(u) 5(disz) [udu]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Hermitage 3, 237. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P211513) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211513..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.