Position in chronology
Fs Lenoble 169, no. 44
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration and photographed, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
The world it comes from
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
From the same catalogue range (near P387667)
Transliteration
1(gesz2) 3(u) dusu x x x us2? u3-dag?-ga? 4(u) 4(disz) dusu guru7-a x x x 1(gesz2) 4(u) dusu# kun-zi-da i7 si-sa2 1(gesz2) 3(u) dusu guru7-a im ur3-ra? 1(gesz2) dusu kun-zi-da u3 bad-da kiszib3 ur-e11-e mu ku3 gu-za en-lil2-la2 ba-dim2 ur-e11-e [dub-sar] dumu ur-nigar
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Fs Lenoble 169, no. 44. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: American University of Beirut Archaeological Museum, Beirut, Lebanon (P387667) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P387667..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.