Position in chronology
CUSAS 03, 0232
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
The world it comes from
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
From the same catalogue range (near P323670)
Transliteration
1(disz) 2/3(disz) gurusz aszgab 1(disz) gurusz tug2-du8 1(disz) gurusz simug u4 1(disz)-sze3 gi# u3 gi-zi e2 szara2-ta gar-sza-an-na-sze3 [de6]-a de6-a! giri3 be-li2-i3-li2 ki iszkur-illat-ta ba-zi iti ses-da-gu7 mu ma-da [za-ab]-sza-li mu-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CUSAS 03, 0232. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: CUNES 49-09-145 (Department of Near Eastern Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA) — from Garšana (mod. uncertain) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.earth/artifacts, P323670). source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P323670..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.