Position in chronology
CST 165
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P107677.
Transliteration
2(disz) gu4 2(disz) udu niga gu4-e-[us2-sa] 2(disz) sila4 niga 9(disz) udu u2 1(disz) asz2-gar3 9(disz) masz2-gal 1(disz) masz-da3 ri-ri-ga-am3# e2-gal-la ba-an#-[ku4?] iti-ta u4 1(u) 6(disz)-kam zi-ga ur-lugal-edin-ka iti ses-da-gu7 mu us2-sa ki-masz ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CST 165. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (P107677) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P107677..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.