Position in chronology
BM 014751
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P316112.
Transliteration
4(asz) 1(barig) ku6 nig2-ki gur 6(asz) 4(barig) 4(ban2) ku6-sze6 gur 2(gesz'u) 5(u) 2(disz) ba saga 1(gesz'u) 8(gesz2) 2(u) 4(disz) ba du a2 gesz-gar-ra ki lu2-nin-szubur-ta ugula ARAD2-mu mu-kux(DU) ur-mes szu ba-ti iti sze-sag11-ku5 <u4> 2(u) 4(disz)-<kam> mu si-mu-ru-um <<lu-lu-bu>> lu-lu-bu a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(disz@t)-kam#-asz# ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — BM 014751. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P316112) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P316112..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.