Position in chronology
AUCT 3, 295
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104508.
Transliteration
3(disz) udu 1(u) 2(disz) u8 szu-gid2 e2-muhaldim mu gar3-du-e-ne-sze3 dingir-dan sukkal maszkim iti u4 1(u) 4(disz) ba-zal ki zu-ba-ga-ta ba-zi iti ezem-nin-a-zu mu en eridu ba-hun 1(u) 5(disz) ad-da-kal-la dub-sar dumu nig2-erim2-ga-ru-ga
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AUCT 3, 295. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Siegfried H. Horn Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA (P104508) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104508..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.