Position in chronology
AUCT 3, 082
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104313.
Transliteration
1(disz) amar masz-da3-nita2 ba-usz2 e2-kiszib3-ba-sze3 u4 5(disz)-kam ki in-ta-e3-a-ta ba-zi iti sze-sag11-ku5 mu en ga-[esz] ba-hun amar-suen lugal kal-ga lugal uri5-ma lugal an-ub-da limmu2-ba ur-szul-pa-e3 dub-sar dumu ur-ha-ia3 ARAD2-zu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AUCT 3, 082. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Siegfried H. Horn Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA (P104313) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104313..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.