Position in chronology
AUCT 1, 957
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P103802.
Transliteration
1(gesz2) 3(u) har ku3-babbar 1(u) gin2-ta ba-zi-ir ki-la2-bi ugu2-a! ba-a-gar ki lu2-dingir-ra-ta ba-zi sza3 puzur4-isz-da-gan iti diri sze-sag11-ku5 mu en-nanna-amar-suen-ra-ki-ag2 an-na ba-hun 1(gesz2) 3(u)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AUCT 1, 957. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Siegfried H. Horn Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA (P103802) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P103802..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.