Position in chronology
AAICAB 1/3, pl. 231, Bod S 217
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P249125.
Transliteration
4(ban2) sze-ba ur#-[]gilgamesx(|BIL3.GA.MES|) 4(ban2) lu2-szara2 4(ban2) e2-mah-ki-bi 4(ban2) ur-iszkur! 4(ban2) lugal-nig2-lagar-e 4(ban2) lu2-he2-gal2 2(ban2) 5(disz) lu2-nin-ur4-ra 4(ban2) ug3-IL2 2(ban2) ur-e11-e szunigin 1(asz) 2(ban2) 5(disz) sila3 sze-ba gur iti e2-iti-6(disz) gaszam-me mu en-am-gal-an-na ba-hun
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AAICAB 1/3, pl. 231, Bod S 217. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P249125) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P249125..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.