Position in chronology
AAICAB 1/1, pl. 080, 1932-405
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142865.
Transliteration
1(disz) kusz gu4 4(disz) kusz [udu] a#-lum 2(u) 6(disz) kusz# x sipa# x ki szu-esz18-[dar]-ta# szu-nin-kar#-[ke3] szu# ba-an-ti# gaba-ri kiszib3 nanna#-ki-ag2 iti ab-e3 mu en inanna masz-e i3-pa3 1(disz) gu4 3(u) udu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AAICAB 1/1, pl. 080, 1932-405. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P142865) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142865..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.