Position in chronology
AAICAB 1/1, pl. 018, 1911-144
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142657.
Transliteration
1(u) 6(disz) gurusz hun-ga2 gi zex(SIG7)-a 1(u) 2(disz) sar-ta# 1(u) 2(disz) 1/2(disz) gurusz gi kesz2-ra2 a-sza3 gi-apin-ku5-ra2 szuku ensi2-ka ugula szu-ma-am3 gurum2 u4 1(u) 1(disz)-kam iti e2-iti-6(disz)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AAICAB 1/1, pl. 018, 1911-144. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P142657) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142657..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.