Position in chronology
SANTAG 6, 115
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211413.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[x] tug2 bar ur-nigar [gu4?]-lah5 ki ur-ki-ni [...] ur-e2-gu-la gab2#-us2 ki szesz-a-ni unu3 zah3# ba-al-la sza3# en-nun-na [...] ARAD2#-nanna gu-za-[la2] 1(disz) tug2# [...] 1(disz) [...] 1(disz) tug2# [...] e2 gu-la umma 1(disz) tug2 bar lu2-suen sza3-gu4 a-ru-a ur-mu-ru-ka im tug2-ba e2-gal-ka nu-ub-gi-in iti# li9-si4 mu [amar]-suen lugal-e ur-bi2-lum mu-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — SANTAG 6, 115. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Amar-Suen y2 — Urbilum destroyed based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P211413) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211413..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.