Position in chronology
MVN 18, 675
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P120036.
Transliteration
8(disz) gurusz u4 1(disz)-sze3 e2-usz-bar szu-zu-ga2#-[ra] gub-ba 8(disz) gurusz u4 [x-sze3] kun-zi-da [dub-la2]-utu gub-ba 6(disz) gurusz u4 <x>-sze3 [mu us2-sa? amar-suen] lugal-e ur-bi2-lum mu-hul e2-an#-[...] dub-[sar] dumu inim-[...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — MVN 18, 675. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Amar-Suen y3 — Year after: Urbilum destroyed based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Montserrat Museum, Barcelona, Spain (P120036) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P120036..
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Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.