Position in chronology
Hermitage 3, 384
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211935.
Transliteration
2(gesz2) 1(u) 5(disz) ud5 u2 1(gesz2) 3(disz) asz2-gar3 dara3-e ak-de3 giri3 i-din-er3!-ra!(KI) lu2 kin-gi4-a lugal ki nir-i3-da-gal2-ta mu-kux(DU) in-ta-e3-a i3-dab5 u4 5(disz)-kam iti ezem-nin-a-zu mu szu-suen lugal uri5-ma-ke4 ma-da za-ab-sza-li mu-hul 3(gesz2) 1(u) 8(disz) udu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Hermitage 3, 384. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šu-Suen y1 — Šu-Suen became king based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P211935) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211935..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.