Position in chronology
Princeton 2, 035
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P201033.
Why it matters
Transliteration
2(disz) ab2 mu 2(asz) 3(gesz2) 4(u) udu u2 2(u) 3(disz) masz2-gal u2 1(gesz2) 3(u) 5(disz) sila4 1(disz) ud5 masz2 nu-a 1(u) 4(disz) masz2 mu bala-a-sze3 ki ur-ku3-nun-na-ta u2-na-ba-tal ensi2 babila i3-dab5 iti a2-ki-ti mu szu-suen lugal-e ma2-gur8-mah en-lil2 nin-lil2-ra mu-ne-dim2 5(gesz2) 5(u) 3(disz) <udu> 2(disz) gu4
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Princeton 2, 035. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šu-Suen y2 — Great barge for Enlil and Ninlil fashioned based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (P201033) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P201033..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.