Position in chronology
HLC 128 (pl. 098)
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110005.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] 2(gesz'u) [...] murgu2 2(gesz'u) [...] 2(gesz'u) [...] sa6 1(gesz'u) [...] 2(gesz2) [...] ze2-na tur 1(gesz2) [...] ze2-na bala-sze3 ki ga-a-ta ur-ad-ku3-ga szu ba-ti iti ezem-ba-ba6 u3 iti mu-szu-du7 mu szu-suen lugal-e ma-da za-ab-sza-li mu-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 128 (pl. 098). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šu-Suen y6 — Land of Zabšali destroyed based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P110005) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110005..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.