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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 140, 1971-349

Obverse 1. 20 gur of barley, (measured in) the gur-sag-gal₂ (unit): 2. Gala, the chief carpenter. 3. 20 (gur): Ur-e, the leather-worker; 4. 20 (gur): Inim-Utu; 5. 20 (gur): En-anne, the SIG15@v; 6. (no amount written) Gala, the SIG15@v; 7. 20 (gur): Ad-kup-gal. 8. They are men of Nu-ira (?). 9. The farmer is its commissioner. (Reverse: uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Achaemenid Persian

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 245, Bod S 295

Obverse: 2 barig of beer-bread (bappir), (by the measure of) Akkade; 2 barig of groats (nig-ar-ra); 2 barig of malt; 2 barig of flour; 2 ban of fine flour: Mama-hursag. Reverse: Total: 1 gur 3 barig 2 ban of flour, (by the) gur of Akkade; (including) 2 ban of fine flour. Year 3, month 7 (month-sign ITI×(UD×S×TIL)).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/4, Bod S 340

Obverse 1 barig 3 ban of fine flour of Akkade(-type); 1 gur 1 barig of gu-flour; 3 gur of barley flour (dabin); 2 gur 3(?) ban of barley for malt flour; 2 ban ... [AN?] ... la ... (Lower edge / reverse, badly worn) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 barig(?) ... ... ... ... (for) 2 years (and) 2 months.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 009

Obverse 1. 2 jars of beer, (each) 5 ban, 2. 2 jars of beer, (each) 3 ban: 3. extra ne-sag offering. Reverse 4. Total: 2 barig 4 ban, their barley (equivalent). 5. Year 6, month 8.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 012

2 sheep, "chosen by the heart" (i.e. selected for offering); 1 lamb, the portion of UD-ḪUB2; 1 lamb, (for) Dumuzi; 1 lamb, (for) Lugal-pa'e; 1 sheep, (for) the cook; 5 lambs, (for) the Abzu; [1]1 sheep, kid(?), returned (šu-gi4-gi4); Total: 14 sheep, 10 minus 1 (= 9) lambs. Expenditure (booked out).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 202

[...] ... [...] 1 (male worker): Kal-la(?) [...] 1: Me-pa-x(?) 1: Ur-[...] 1: Lugal-maškim [1]: Lu-[...] [1]: Lu₂ [...] [...] Pa-geš-[...] Its inspection was carried out. 7 years, 5 months.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 203

2 iku (GAN₂) 30 sar — barley ... ..., son of Adda [...] 2 sar — barley: Aš-e [n] iku [...] barley Adda-iri 2 iku, barley: Di-sude, the cook 5 (+ n) iku, barley: Ur-Ninkitušgub, the minister (sukkal) 2 iku of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri), its geš-UD — barley: Ur-Inanna, stationed at the nesag-offering. (reverse) Field of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri): DAG-gub.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0650

Lu-Enlil[la], Ur-Enlila the mer[chant] — he brought a lawsuit against him concerning 10 shekels of sil[ver]. Lugal-geš, governor of Adab, judged the case of Ur-Enlil[a] and set it right; he pronounced the oath(-prayer). 1 shekel of sil[ver ... ] [ ... ] Ašgi [ ... ] Šu-[i(?)] was the bailiff.

Law

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0660

(obverse) [...] courtyard, hand(?) [...] [...] Šeš-šeš [1 gur?], the chief lamentation-priest [...] [...] the chief boatman [...] Sag-ad-gal [...] the vizier of the E-duga [...] the vizier [...] 1 (gur) — E-pa'e and Ur-Ašgi: they are the gardeners. 1 (gur) — Ur-GAN₂-IŠ and Lugal-KA. 1 (gur) — Su-bir-a.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0663

10 workmen [...] Their barley: 2 gur, (by the measure of) Agade. Their oil: 5 sila. Their wages: 10 shekels of silver. For 1 month. From Adab. Total: 1/2 [mina, n shekels of silver]. Total: 7 gur of barley, (by the measure of) Agade. Total: 2 ban of oil. Remainder(?): Gissu. The house(?) [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0666

1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 50 minus 2 shekels (= 48 shekels). 1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 1/3 (mina and) [16 shekels]. 1 SAG×U-object of ni-na — its weight: 1/2 mina. Total: 2 mina minus 6 shekels of ni-na. Du-ga-ni, the merchant. Delivery (mu-kux).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0669

Obverse 2 gur less 7 sila of barley, 1 gur 2 ban 5 sila of emmer: Ur-Iškur. 10 gur of barley: Me-sag. [...] [...] ... [...] Reverse 4 gur ... of barley, 3 gur [...] of emmer — as one (sum) it was reckoned. 50 gur 3 barig [...]: the brewery of the governor. 9 gur (10 less 1) [of ...]: the kitchen of the governor. [Total: x+]2 gur 2 barig 2 sila of barley.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0676

1 (person): Lu-dingira, servant of the king. 1: Bar-ra-dingir, brother of Me-sag. 1: Lugal-entarsu. 1: Iqbi-gi, brother of Beli-laba. [1: ...]-šarrum. (reverse) Total: 5 workmen. [Scribe?]s they are.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0684

Obverse 1,525 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 of barley — En-abzu (was) the commissioner. 1,011 gur of barley (1,020 less 9) — field Za-til, field GAN2-ISZ: Inim-ma (was) the commissioner. [...] 227 gur 1 barig of barley. [Grand total:] 431 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 5 sila of barley. Grand total: 1 mina 4 shekels, one-quarter (shekel), 2½ grains of silver — the interest/rent of the field. Grand total: 43 sheep — sheep (paid in) silver, sheep (paid in) barley: 22½. pa-LAGAB-pa-LAGAB-ba (unexplained entry) [...] stationed (present). [...] it is.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0692

Obverse 20 [...] nu-[...] 51 [...] 51 Lu-[...] 51 Ur-sa 50 [...] Gissu 50 [...]-tur Reverse Total: 615 ninda (of) levee. Field of the House of the Great Pigs. En-anna-tum; its commissioner: Lugal-ša-za-[...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0693

(Break — beginning lost) [...] [...] [...] the house of Gab-[...]; 1 orchard: Nar-[...]; 1 orchard: Lu-banda; the house of Dada; 1 orchard: Ur-mes; the mound of Bilgames (Gilgamesh); 2 orchards: Nippur; 1 orchard: Ur-ba-[...]; [1 orchard:] Pirig-nam; (line broken) 1 orchard: Ur-[...]; Total(?): [n ...]-sag.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0695

10 less 1 (= 9) nisqu (choice-quality ones), 30 less 3 (= 27) šadu, foreman: Enlila. 1 mašada-boat, [1] lead boat ... ... (Break) (This is) what [PN] says: to my master speak — let him give (them) to you!

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0696

1 (man): Da-akkil, 1 (man): Utu-saga, 1 (man): Ur-Enlila, 1 (man): Girini — foreman: Da-akkil. 1 (man): Idi-i7, 1 (man): Išarrum, 1 (man): Inima, <1 (man)>: Ur-nigar — foreman: Idi-i7.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0698

(obverse) [2 ban] less 2 sila (and) 5 shekels of [barley], gur(-measure): regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁). Barley that is on hand (gal₂-la). Deficit (la₂-ia₃): 10 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban (and) 5 sila of emmer. (remainder of obverse and the reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0717

(obverse) [...] 30(?) gur of barley in the Agade (measure), ... gur, 2 [...], 1 barig, 1 ban, 6 sila [...], [...] in [Aga]de, ... [...] ... [...] Total: 91 gur, 2 barig, 3 ban of barley in the Agade (measure), received(?) — Umma. [...] gur of barley in the Agade (measure), [...] Adab. [Total: ...] 21(?) gur, 2 barig(?), [n ... of barley in the Agade measure]. (Break) (reverse) Bizza[za] rec[eived]; in Adab. ... [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0718

(obverse) 10 gur of barley, issue(?) of Nasa-...; 6 (gur): Ašgi-pa'e; 4 shekels of silver — its barley (equivalent): 3 gur — [En]lile, [...]...-ni, the cupbearer. Total: 20 minus 1 (= 19) gur of barley. Ur-Mamu received (it). (reverse) Therefrom: 16 (gur): (the estate) E-GAN-i(?); returned (repaid) into the hand. Deficit: [3 gur 2 barig of barley] — Ur-Mamu.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0726

OBVERSE: 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley, in the standard measure — the boat of En-ane; 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley — the boat of Inima. Total: 480 (8 × 60) gur of barley [in the standard measure], from Dada the steward. (Break) REVERSE: ... Nippur ... it was given to him. Lu-lal, the scribe: the account was made for him. Against Dada the steward it was not deducted (charged).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0727

1 ban 5 sila of barley for beer, gur(-measure), at the regular-offering (sattukku) rate, for 7 days; 3 ban 7 sila less 10 shekels of barley for bread, 1 ban 2 sila of emmer for bread [...], for 5 days; 1 barig less 3 sila of barley for beer each, for 8 days; 3 ban less 1 1/2 sila of barley for bread each, 6 sila [...], for [n] days. Total: 13(?) [gur, n sila ... of barley]; total: 2 gur less 1 barig, [n x sila of emmer]. (For) the snake-[charmer]. Im(?)-[...] (rest broken).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0733

3 gur less 1 barig of barley, in the Agade (gur-measure) — Namtur; 3 gur less 1 barig of barley — Ur-[me]; 2 gur 4 barig of barley — Ur-lam; Total: 8 gur 2 barig of barley.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0745

9 less 1 gur of barley — Lugal-igitab; 8 less 3 gur of barley — Lugal-ĝeš: [barley] threshed, of the plowmen, from the fort of Ur-ab. Inima, the scribe, delivered (it); into the house of A-me he filled it. It is the second time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0751

(Obverse) [5 gur] 3 ban of [barley], 1 ban: hire of the boatman, silver for the purchase of fish; 7 gur 2 barig of barley, 4 ban 5 sila, 1 ban 5 sila: hire of the boat[man] — (at) the New Year. Total: 1 barig 4 ban of barley. (At/for) the Nin-mudu canal. (Reverse) Enlilla, the nu-eš priest, received (it). It is the 7th time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0752

(obverse) Deficit: 7 minas of bread — (of the) Emah (temple); 15 — (of the) E-GAN-ISH (house); [6] — (of the temple of) Ashgi; 8 2/3 — (of the temple of) Ishkur; 3 — (of the temple of) Inanna. (reverse) Total: 40 minas less 1/3 (mina) of bread. It is the deficit.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0753

(obverse) 2 ban (of barley): Lugal-abba-iri(?), 1 ban: Lu-ašgi, 1 ban: Ur-nigar, 1 ban: Šu-illa [...], ... [...] (two illegible signs), 1 ban: [Lugal]-ka(?), — choice quality (nisqu) — 1 ban 6 sila: the temple administrator (sanga) of Iškur, 1 ban: the boatmen, [...]: Ur-pirigga.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0759

(obverse) 38 gur 3 barig less 2 sila and 10 shekels of [barley], (by the) gur (measure), as regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁); [...] 2 gur 1 barig of emmer; [...] ... (traces, perhaps 'a'); (reverse) Month: Akiti.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0760

1(?) bread [...] 2 fish [...] 2 [...] beer, (for) the temple administrator of (the god) Ašgi. 1(?) bread, 3 (measures of) bran, 4(?) split (dried) fish, x bundles of [greens], 2 (jars of) beer, (for) the chief cupbearer. Delivery.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0772

(obverse) 2 — ...-tar-..., 2 — Lugal-iti[da], 2 — Ur-[Niluda?], 2 — Akadi, 11 — Lugal-igi. (reverse) [...] 2 (units of) field (GAN2): Ur-Ištaran.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0773

5 gur of barley — Šulgi; 8 gur of barley — the son of Beli-gu; 5 gur 1 barig — the porter(s) (ug-IL); 7 gur 1 barig 1 ban — Ur-e: Ur-e, the son of Beli-gu, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0776

(obverse) 17 gur 2 barig of barley, available capital (sag-gal₂), (of) Ur-sag, field of the surveyor (lu₂-eš₂-gid₂, 'rope-stretcher'); 10 gur 1 barig 3 ban of barley, field of the sukkal (minister), under lease (apin-la₂); 20 [gur] of barley. (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0793

10 gur (and) 1 barig of barley, 2 ban: the fare/hire of the boatman. Ur-dingir-tur [...] the female workers of the household [...] (at) the canal Nin-[mudu]. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0799

(obverse) 3 ban less 1 sila — first quality(?) ... — (for) Lu-dingira; 3 ban(?) — (for) Lu-dingira; 1 ban less 1 sila — (for) Nanna-[...]-zu; 2 ban less 1 sila — (for) Ur-ME; ... first quality(?) ... (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0800 + 1011

[1 gur, x] of barley — groats — gur (measure), standard (measure), (for) the merchant(s). 1 gur 2 barig: Ur-Ninsun. 1 gur 2 barig: Lugal-kesz. 1 gur [2 barig]: Ur-Ištaran. [1 gur] 2 barig: Di-Utu. [...]: Šu-na. [...]: Lugal-hili. [...]: Lu-lila. [...]: Edin-bi-še. [...]: Sipa-ane. [...]: Šeš-saga. [...]: E-tum(?). [...] ... From/place of [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0806

Obverse 1. 4 gur [3 ban] of barley — (from/for) Agade; 2. barley rations of the servant(s) of the king 3. and the servant(s) of the house of [...]; 4. [n] gur of barley, 5. the king (of?) Ur [...]; Reverse 6. 2 barig [...] 7. ...-dada; 8. issued (by) Bizaza.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0815

1 female slave — 15 shekels of silver: An-tum. For 10 shekels of silver, Al-kalla, by the name of the king, … he transferred (it) to him. Ĝissu was the commissioner for it. 1 shekel of silver — bronze — he weighed out to him. 1: Ur-nigar, the merchant; 1: Nin-mashe; 1: Nin-nam — these are its witnesses.

LawEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0821

30 gur-mah of barley — loaded into the boat. 20 (gur): Meme; 20 (gur): A'a'a; 2 gur 2 barig: Enšu; 5 gur: barley rations of the female workers; 2 barig: Lu-unu; KU, the goldsmith. Total: 78 (i.e. 80 less 2) gur-mah of barley. Barley expended (from) the treasury storehouse.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0825

(Account of) the merchant: 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila; 5 sila — the ferry-fee (addir) of the boatman. Ur-mes, the suda'um; (at?) the canal Nin-mudu. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0826

2 barig (of barley): the chief ensi (governor). 2 barig: the chief boatman. 2 barig: the chief smith. 2 barig: Ur-kal, the smith. 1 barig: En-šu, the barber. [1 barig]: Diku, herdsman of donkeys. 2 barig: Kašda, the resident. 2 barig: Igi-du. 2 barig: Su-si.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0828

(obverse) 5 gur of barley, 3 ban — 1 ban (as) ferry/transport fee(?) — Lu-sa, the farmer. 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila — 5 sila (as) ferry/transport fee — Bara-nam, the nueš-priest. (reverse) Total: 1 barig of barley. I(d)-nin-mu-du, the nueš-priest of Enlil, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0830

To my lord, thus (says) Me-zi: 2 bur'u (= 20 bur) of field — last year Lugal-mu [gave] to him. It was not confirmed. Because he lodged a claim (lit. "set it before the eye"), for the sake of its replacement, if [...] Lugal-mu [...] ... [...] Its barley: 5 gur [...] I shall repay (it).

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0839

Deficit (outstanding balance) of the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of Ur-Ištaran, the u5-man, (under) the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of the man of the measuring-rope (surveyor). [...] 3 1/2 nindan — work on the outer (bank). [...] work — the deficit. (On) the Eš-pešša canal. It is the 3rd day.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0842

1. 2 gur minus 3 ban 6 sila (of barley) — (for) the gal5-gal official: expended. 2. 2 gur — Meme, the mother of En-anatum: PAP (checked). 3. 1 barig — the man of the e-dam: PAP (checked). 4. 1 gur of barley by the correct (standard) gur — A-tag, 5. the man of the storehouse. 6. 1 gur — the man of the surveying-rope (surveyor): PAP (checked). 7. 1 gur — Lugal-e: PAP (checked). 8. the scribe(?) [...] 9. 3 gur — Maš-šu[...]: expended. 10. 1 barig 2 ban — regular offerings (sa2-du11) [...] 11. the man of the barley of the bala-[duty ...] 12. 3 ban — Dingir-igi-du-mu: expended. 13. Total: 27 gur 2…

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0845

[House] of Lugal-gešu; house of Ur-eš-peš-[ša]; Ur-Ištaran, … […]; Lu-dannam(?), …; […] … long reeds; … … … … (illegible); … … …, the boatman.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0846

Obverse [10] gur of barley, standard (si-sa2) measure: [regular offerings] of the gods, brought to the shrine (esz3-tum2). 2 gur of barley: Sipa-anne, the cook. 1 barig 3 ban 5 sila: the ducks (uz-tur); Ur-zigumma, the scribe; Lugal-magure. 2 ban of dabin flour: Zuzu. Reverse Total: 10 gur 2 (gur) 3 barig 4 ban of barley, 3 ban 5 sila, standard measure, gone out (expended). En-annatum.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0849

Obverse 3 reed mats, 7 [cubits (long)]; 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5 cubits (long): boat of Iškur-andul. 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5? [cubits (long)]: Reverse cargo boat [of ...]. (rest of reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0850

Obverse(?) 2 ... |UMBIN×LU| (meaning unclear) 4 i-zi 12 [...]-ri 1 zi-ni-tum [...] poplar(s) [...]-am Reverse(?) [...] igi-še ra-a(?) (Total:) 95

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0863

Obverse 1. 5 talents of flax: 2. Kunše; 3. 2: Ursu, the courier; 4. 3: Lugal-ezem, overseer of the potters; 5. 3: Azugal; 6. 5: Lugal-e-maše, the farmer; 7. 10: Nita-x; 8. 2(?): [...]; 9. 3: Gal-[...], the chief farmer; 10. 1(?): [...]. Reverse(?) 11. Total: 37 [talents of] flax, 12. loaded on the boat. 13. 10: ni-x-x; 14. Amur-[...]; 15. 2: Ur-kuš.

Economy