Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

Sumerian · Book

The first cities. The first stories. Still here, written in clay.

Explore

Begin reading
Chronology
Themes
Tablet collection
Dossiers

The project

About the project
The engine
Methodology
Sources & licensing
FAQ
Contact & support

Resources

Provenance & ethics
Privacy policy
Terms of use
llms.txt
Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation or institutional funding.

Tablet imagery credited per item.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Find a name, follow a period, or explore a subject through the records it left behind.

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

3,052 of 102,257 tablets · 5 filters activeClear filters

1101–1150 of 3052

Page 23 / 62

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 227

4 sheep hides, 2 goat hides, 7 lamb hides, hides — from the storehouse (e-ta), returned/accounted for (šu-a gi4-a). Ur-igi, the overseer (nu-banda3), from the house of Namdumu (e2 nam-dumu-ta). Month: 'lu2 unu-ga' ("the man of Unug"), the 3rd (day/instance), having gone (gen-na-a), Šul-bi2 gave (it) to him. 6 (total, in the special ASZxDISZ notation).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 228

10 hides of sheep, 3 hides of goat-kids, month: "Shearing of the (sheep-)fold" (iti ga₂-udu-ur₄-ka), Ur-Nin-pirig, the leatherworker — to Ur-igi-ama, the overseer, he gave (them). 3.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 229

23 hides of large sheep, 3 hides of male sheep, to be placed in the (irrigated) field — month: “wool-distribution”; Šulbi received (them). 6 (numeral notation).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 231

4 sheep-hides — for Ur-igi-ama, the overseer. 1 1/2 (shekels?) silver — for [......], for Lugal-menx, the brewer. Month: "Inspection-of-sheep." He gave to him: 4 [units].

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 232

8(gešʼu) minus 10 hides of sheep, 1(gešʼu) 20 4 hides of goats/kids, 10 minus 1 hides of large oxen, 8 hides of calves (of oxen) — (for/from) Ur-igi-ama-še, the overseer (nubanda), to [Šul]-bi-num, [the tablet] of transfer(?) — it was placed to his account.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 233

1(600) 5(60) 4(10) hides of sheep [= 940 sheep hides], 2(60) 2(10) 3 hides of kid-goat [= 143 goat hides], the ruler (ensi2), from Iri-ku ("Holy/Silver City"), Ur-igi, the overseer, gave to him (?). [...] ... [...] he performed (the transaction). 6 (notation-sign |ASZxDISZ@t|)

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 238

4 hides of large billy-goats — Ur-Baba, the goat-herdsman — (at) the threshing floor of the field of Ugiga — were returned/restored into (the official's) hand. En-iggal, the overseer: seized/requisitioned goods (nam-dab5-ba), inspected and approved: 2.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 239

30 (minus) 3 [= 27] hides of large male goats: Ur-Baba. 4 hides of large male goats, 6 hides of "chest" (young/breast) goats: Lugal-inimgina, herdsman of the goats. Month: "Festival of Baba." Returned into hand (i.e., delivered/received back). Hides of grass-fed (pastured) goats — (account of) Bara-namtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. Year 2.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 240

[x (units of)] wool of nanny-goats — it is Mar's: Ur-Šubur. 1 (unit) wool of nanny-goats — it is Mar's: Namaḫni. 1 (unit) wool of nanny-goats — it is Mar's: Alla. i₃-[...... (broken)] [...... (broken)] overseer. He gave it to him (e-ne-šum₂).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 241

15 hides, hides for du8 (stretching/tanning) — for/of LAK470-ra; 58 hides of a-gar-ka (a hide-type/quality); 75 hides of nanny-goats (and) hides of large billy-goats; 26 hides of fine ("sweet-heart") kid-goats. Month: "Inspection" (iti gurum2-ma-ka). To Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3); [Ur]-Ninpirig, the leatherworker (aszgab) — he counted/delivered [...] to him.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 242

9 (lit. 10 less 1) hides, du8 (processed/tanned), old; 7 hides, du8, new; 1 hide, šag3-du3(-type), new. The hides were returned/accounted for (szu-a gi4-a-am6). With Šulbi'inumda — he transferred/exchanged (them) (e-da-bala). 1(N14?) — [numeral/total notation, broken].

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 244

1 hide of a kunga-mule (donkey-hybrid) — Girnunkidu, the courier (gabakasda) — it was not treated/rubbed (na-ba-da-ri). Month: "the sheep-count of Ningirsu." Enniggal, the overseer (nubanda), had it returned into hand (received/re-issued it). A hide of a domestic donkey — was allotted — (to/under) Urukagina, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash(?). Total: 1.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 246

1 hide of a she-ass (eme3), [Šul-gi(?) type/marking], 2 years old — Enku (recipient). 1 hide of a mother she-ass (munus-ama), [Šul-gi(?) type/marking] — Ur-Namnun. Shepherds under the šagan-official(s). Enigal, the overseer: in the storehouse of Baba, into the grain-pile that had been heaped up, it was returned/restored into hand. Hide of a donkey, u₂-rum(-type) — (for/of) Baba. Uru-KA-gina, ruler of Lagash. Year 1.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 249

2 hides of large oxen, 1 hide of an ox, 3 years old, 2 hides of oxen, 2 years old. Month: "Piling-up-of-the-granary" (iti guru7-dub-da). To Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3) — Šul-bira gave (it) to him. 3 (total, in compound notation).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 250

2 hides, cow — for the wife (nam-dam). 4 hides, cow — Mesagnudi. 2 hides, goat (gir); 2 hides, ox — Uršugalama. Total: 10 hides, cow — pastured/grass-fed cow hides. Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash. The cowherds (unu3-de3-ne), at the mouth of the inspection (ka gurum2-ma-ka), have returned (them) into hand. 1 (notation mark).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 255

25 [...] Ur-gešbara(e), 1(?) [...] Lugal-inim-[...], kid(s) [...] [...] [...] [...] with the plowman(s), at the house of the man of the measuring-rope (the surveyor), its inspection was carried out. Urukagina, king, of Lagash. Year 5.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 258

1 jar of pig fat (lard) — Nin-asu. Month: "Oxen-are-led-forth" (iti gu4-ra2-bi2-mu2-a). To Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3), in the house of the man of the surveying-rope (e2 lu2 esz2-gid2-ka-ka) — poured. 1 (jar).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 260

16 sila oil, weighed out (hung); 2 gur-saggal (standard gur) 1 barig 1 ban2 curd (cheese/ga'ar) — for Lu-Nanše. 2 sila oil, 2 barig 1 ban2 curd (cheese) — for Ur-tar, to Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nubanda). In the house of the man of the measuring-rope (the surveyor), to their joint account it was placed. Month: 'Festival of Barley-Eating', of Nanše. 3.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 262

Deficit: 4 ban2 of cheese (owed) — the house of restitution; 2 ban2 of cheese — Munigame(?); (these are debts of) the shepherds of nanny-goats, weighed out against them (as outstanding deficit). Eniggal, the overseer. Month: festival of Baba. Its tablet was transferred to them, (and) placed on their account. (Under the authority of) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. 2 (tablet/entry number).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 263

1 jar (dug), 8 1/3 sila3 of oil (i3) — Urdu(-DU6), the cattle-manager (šuš3), returned into hand (šu-a bi2-gi4). En-iggal, the overseer (nu-banda3, official in charge). Month: 'sheep-for-the-eating-of-Nanše' (iti udu-še3-še-a-nanše-ka). In the women's house (e2-munus-a) it was poured out (i3-de2). Bara-namtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagaš. 3.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 271

3 gu2-gur10 fish, 60 gir fish, 120 HI fish — (as) first-fruits offering. 40 suhur (carp) fish, split, 40 a-dar-tun2 fish, split — (for/of) Šubur. After the barley-eating festival, from (the estate of) Ningirsu, was brought. Šubur, the overseer, to the palace delivered: 1 (unit). Their outstanding balance was not removed.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 275

Basket-of-tablets (label): Fish, dusu-basket (type); Fish for the table, monthly; Fish-deliverers of the elders; Fish of the ZIZI-net; Fish-deliverers of good/sweet water — it is in his (A-du₁₀-ga's) custody: 4 units.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 276

[x] gi (bundle-units) of agargara-fish, ab-ba(-type); 9 (lit. 10 minus 1) za3-ubi fish; 2 za3-gesztu fish; 2 za3-gir fish; 10 adartun-fish, its assorted (kinds). First-fruits offering (ne-sag). The fishermen (szu-ku6) brought (it) (mu-de6).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 279

Deficit: 1(gešʼ) 2(aš) [= 62] bundles of wool — (charged against) Nin-baradari, female worker of/at Kigu(ka), (and) Šubur, the overseer: the tablet was transferred (i.e., the account was passed on); it was set/charged upon his account (lit. "his neck") — 5.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 282

6 ma-dul10 (containers) of white mes-wood, 5 ma-dul10 of sze-du10, 61 kab2-ku (measures) of poplar (ildag4), 240 kab2-ku (measures) of apple-wood (haszhur): (for) the wife of the ensi2 of Adab — (from) Bara-namtara.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 285

30(+)4 ur3-beams (roof-beams), 1 door of dressed/finished wood, 1 door-bolt (sag-kul) — (for) the house of Lugal-ušumgal. [...]-th [...] (break / illegible) The overseer (nu-banda3). Its wood was counted/reckoned: 5.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 288

56 eme-tug, siga (tongue-shaped [cloth/wool] items, set/placed) — 64 eme-numun (tongue-shaped seed[-funnel] items) — (of) the house of manu-wood — were delivered (ba-kux/DU). 18 (20 less 2) labor-units of plow(-work) — (of) the house of the courtyard — were delivered. En-iggal, the overseer (nu-banda3). Month: "Festival-of-malt-eating," of Nanše. The house of the courtyard (and) its house of manu-wood: delivered — 2 (units/occasions).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 289

3 (units of) šedu10 (fine/choice barley-grain?), 2 gul-bu (a type of tree/wood), 3 u₃-suh₅ (fir/pine-wood), crafted (handmade), 20 less 1 (= 19) asal₂ (poplar-wood) — month: "Lugal-iribara," water for the bathing (ceremony); En-iggal, the overseer, from the orchard/garden set (it) in place / drove in (the peg) — into the house of the courtyard, delivery: 3.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 290

70 bundles of reed — Lu-pa'e. 50 bundles of reed — Ne-sag. 50 bundles of reed — Lugal-ša. 20 bundles of reed — Šubur. Total: 190 bundles of reed. From the field of A'us(ta) — the old fishermen carried (it). En-iggal, the overseer, to the storehouse of the orchard delivered (it). Labor(-assignment) of the 3rd day.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 291

70 tied bundles of fronds (pa-sa), 20 large bundles of brushwood (u2-bil), 57 (60 less 3) small bundles of brushwood — of the garden of the gate-house (e2-ku4); 47 (50 less 3) tied bundles of fronds (pa-sa) — of the garden of e-ta-e11 ("the Ascent"); En-iggal, the overseer (nu-banda3). Tally: 2nd.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 292

6 1/2 mana 2 shekels refined (washed) silver, the [...]-th (delivery/installment), [... E]ur-bidu, the merchant, from Elam he brought (it). (For) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. 4.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 295

1/3 shekel (and) 3 grains of silver, weighed-out (bar-dub2-ba) silver: Adda, the merchant, to Dingir-kalga, to Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3) — it was weighed out to him. Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash. Year 5.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 297

1/2(asz@c) mana of wool, white(-dyed) plant(-quality), (for) Geshgal-si, the gala (lamentation-priest), for the outer part of the gu2-la2 garment. It was returned/delivered to the agazi(-official), to be finished (made good). Geshgal-si holds (on balance): 3.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 299

(Break — beginning missing) Its weight: 13 mana(-weight) — weighed out from/against the stone-weight of the wool ration. Ur-šul. 2 ḫa-zi [......] (goods/items, name broken) Its weight: 10 minus 1 (= 9) mana(-weight) — weighed out from/against the stone-weight of the wool ration. The second (entry). Ur-šul. (Break — remainder missing)

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 302

1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool (tug₂) ... [......] ...... [......] 1(asz@c) [2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool] — Sasa(?) 1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool — Enkisalsi [1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool] — [......] [1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool] — [......] [1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) mina(s) of wool] — U-U the swineherds (sipa šáḫ) from the storehouse of the festival (ganun ezem-da-ta) to Ur-igi-ama the overseer (nu-banda₃) he gave (e-ne-šum₂) 5 (total)

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 304

12 (units of) copper/bronze — zabar3-|KAxX|-zi (type) 12 (units of) copper/bronze — šu ("hand"-type) 6 (units of) copper/bronze — Dilmun-boat (type) 3 (units of) copper/bronze — sim-zabar3 (strainer/vessel type) 12 garments — šu-du8-ur3 12(?) garments — nig2-lam2, thin/fine 4 garments — nig2-lam2, long 9 (10 minus 1) — a-dab6 (cloth/garment) 1 — u3-la2 (garment) 2 garments — kusz2(?) 6 garments — nig2-bar-ba 10 garments — bar-dul5, thin (break) [...] [...]-la2 [...]-gar

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 313

10(u@c) 2(asz@c)? gin2 ku3 [12(?) shekels of silver] (break) 2/3 (mina) minus 2 shekels of silver — Ur-era (and) Utu-lu-saga, from Elam had come; (this) was placed upon his account (as debt). Lugal-uma: 1 gazelle — Besuga (and) Lala, (of) the house of Ninmar, (this) was placed upon his account (as debt). These are the witnesses to this matter.

Law

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 318

(Break) [n] n ... (Break) [n] loaves (of) Ur-gibil Total: 6 loaves — delivered into his hand, 3 loaves — for the man PN-[...] (Break) ... ... 1 jug of thick beer, 10 loaves — Lugal-iri, the scribe. These are the men who are parties to the matter (witnesses); its oil was applied/performed at the boundary.

Law

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OIP 014, 058

5(disz) hired men (lu2 hun-ga2) 1st day. ga'ar-DU-NI-su (personal name / entry designation). 1 hired man (lu2 hun-ga2) 6th day. 20 minus 10 (= 10) — 3rd day. 1 — 2nd day. 10 minus 1 (= 9) — servants (ARAD2 ARAD2). [60] (plus) 20 hired men (lu2 hun-ga2).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OIP 014, 060

30 hired workers (lu2-hun-ga2), 10 less 1 (= 9) servants (ARAD2), 10 copper ha-buda-implements (ha-bu3-da uruda) — (for) Ur-Suen: was given. 30 less 1 (= 29) copper ha-buda-implements — (for) Ur-lam: was given.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OIP 014, 063

1(aš) — Ba-anše(?) 2(?) 1(aš) — Adda-tur 1(aš) — Gan-ki 1(aš) — Usar-gindu 1(aš) — Šu-Ištaran(?) smith(s)

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OIP 014, 066

[n] shekels of silver [...] [...] (traces, illegible) [...] Ur-lamsag(?) 1/3 (mina) 4 (shekels): nu-esz3 (official) Nin-ezem 1/3 (mina): Ur-um-x 1 ban2: KA-esar(?) 1/3 (mina) minus 2 shekels of silver 1 (unit): head/foremost Suda-zi 1 (unit): head/foremost 12 shekels of silver Mu-...-bala son of Muszen-buru5-dal silver of Shuruppak — was brought out (from there).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OIP 014, 075

[x shekels of silver] — for Šeš-aranu; (erased: "ur") 2 shekels of silver — (for) Ur-mes, the fisherman; 2(?) shekels of silver — for Igi-Enlil-še; 2 shekels of silver — (for) Šebidani, the Elamite; (for) Me-al-nudi — it was delivered/brought. Ur-eš3 is the man of its testimony (the witness).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 016

3 hides of a male sheep — for the shrine; 1 hide of a male sheep; 1 hide of a suckling lamb (lit. "lamb that drinks milk") — Enlil-zi; food-offering (nidba); Adab; Lugal-an-DU; was given to him; month: "Bricks Placed in the Mold" (sig4 u5-[šub-ba] gar).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 017

5(units) ... [...] (broken/illegible) its purchase price: 1 mina 15 shekels of silver. A lapis-lazuli block: 13 shekels of silver is its price. Lugal-Enlil. 2 shekels of silver: Lu-zi, the barber. [SZIMxKUSZU2 item]: 2/3 mina of silver is its price. From the chief merchant: Šeš-gazira — it was given (to him).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 022

(obverse) When the governor (ensi) had weighed out 5 minas of silver to the son of Ur-Enlil, 13 shekels of silver from Ur-Egal — its total(?) — ... (two signs illegible) ... U-AN-[x] (and) the brothers, the minister (sukkal): it was given to him. (reverse) Month: 6th.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 026

1 barig (of barley): Lugal-ennu. 1 barig: E-lu. 1 barig: Girini. (Break) 5 old women (worn-out female workers), 1 female child: (under) Lugal-saga. An-da-še. (Break) [...] female weaver(s), [...] shekel(s) of barley, [...] ...-meza, [x] male [children], [x female] children.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 119

Their total: 5 bur3 2 iku of field [...] 1 eše3 3 iku of field [...] field on the bank (gu2) of MUNUS-U8-DI [...] chief cupbearer [...] 2 eše3 of field [...] [...]-ga [...] (The right-hand portion of every line is broken away; the reverse is uninscribed or wholly effaced.)

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 127

1 ox, 4 aktum-textiles — E-duru-mah (the 'great hamlet' estate); 1 ox — the house of Nisaba (E-Nisaba); 1 aktum-textile — E-šita-[tum]; 1 [aktum-]textile — the house of [...]; 1/3 (shekel of) silver — the house of [...]; 3 [...] [...] not [...] / Nu-[...]

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

OSP 1, 130

(obverse) [One-third (of a mina) of silver] — šana — it is (the price) of an ox. 5 shekels of silver — it is (the price) of a sheep. One-third (of a mina) of silver — šana — (and) 4 shekels: it is (the price) of an aktum-[garment]. [...]-tum(?) One-third (of a mina) of silver — šana — it is (the price) of an ox. [x] shekels of silver — it is (the price) of a sheep. [One-third (of a mina) of] silver — šana — (and) 4 shekels ... (remainder broken)

Economy

← Previous

1…22 23 24…62