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~715 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 2

Sargon II 2011

(1) To the god Adad, the canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, the great lord, his lord: Bēl-iddin set up and presented this stele for the sake of ensuring his good health.

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Enlil-naṣir I 1

(1) Enlil-[nāṣir (I), vice]-regent of the god [Aššur, son of] Puzur-Aš[šur (III), (who was) also vice]-regent of the god Aššur, (5) for his life and the well-being of his city, [built] the towers of [..., which] Išme-Dagān (I), vice-[regent of the god Aššur, son of Šamšī]-Adad (I), vice-[regent of the god Aššur],

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Enlil-naṣir I 1002

(1’) I deposited my [clay cone (therein)]. (2’) [(When) a fu]ture [ruler] builds [that wall] wh[en it becomes dilapidated], the gods Aššur and [Adad] will (then) listen to [his prayers. May he retur]n [my clay cone] to its place.

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ititi 1

(1) Ititi, the overseer, son of Ininlaba, dedicated (this stone plaque) from the booty of Gasur (Nuzi) to the goddess Ištar.

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Naram-Sin 01add

(i 1) Narām-Sîn, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Puzur-Aššur (II), vice-regent of the god Aššur.

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ṣilulu 1

(1) (The god) Aššur is the king, Ṣilulu is the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the son of Dakiki, (and) the herald of the city Aššur.

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Son of Urdanum 2001

(1') [...] in [...] for the life [of] Urdān[um], his father, his (own) life, the life [of his] brothers, and the life [of] his children, an oven that brightens

LawMythology
~700 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Zarriqum 2001 / Amar-Suena 2001

(1) For the life of Amar-Suena, the strong man, the king of Ur, and the king of the four quarters (of the world), (and) for his own life, Zarriqum, the governor of (the city) Aššur, his (Amar-Suena’s) servant, built the temple of the goddess Bēlet-ekallim.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 001

Opens Sennacherib's royal titulary with its fullest ideological formula — just king, pious shepherd, warrior — anchoring Assyrian kingship theology at the moment he inherited Sargon II's contested throne.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 002

A royal annals inscription of Sennacherib (~695 BCE) that opens with the king's full titulary and theological mandate from Aššur, attesting the standard Neo-Assyrian idiom by which military campaigns were framed as divine commission.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 003

One of Sennacherib's earliest royal inscriptions, this text records his accession-era military campaigns and the full titulary — pious shepherd, guardian of truth, virile warrior — through which Assyrian kings performed legitimate sovereignty before god and subject alike.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 004

One of Sennacherib's campaign annals, preserving his titulary and the theological claim that Aššur personally granted him unrivalled sovereignty — a template for legitimising Assyrian imperial conquest.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 005

Preserves Sennacherib's standard titulary — 'king of the four quarters,' 'perfect man, virile warrior' — and a dynastic renovation curse, documenting the formulaic language Assyrian kings used to legitimise rule and bind successors.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 007

Documents Sennacherib's physical remaking of Nineveh — widened streets, a limestone-paved chariot bridge — grounding his self-glorifying inscriptions in datable urban-infrastructure works ca. 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 008

One of Sennacherib's royal campaign inscriptions, recording the ideological formula — pious shepherd, champion of the weak, warrior of Aššur — through which Neo-Assyrian kings legitimised conquest as divine mandate.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 009

(1) [Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of Assyria, unrivalled king, pious] shepherd [who reveres the great gods, guardian of truth who loves justice, renders assistance], goes to the aid of the weak, (and) [strives after good deeds, perfect man, virile warrior, foremost of all rul]ers, the bridle that controls the in[submissive, (and) the one who strikes enemies with lightning]: (4) [The god Aššur, the great mountain, granted to me unrivalled sovereignty and made my weapons greater] than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises. (5) [At the beginning of my kingship, I brought about…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 010

A royal titulary inscription of Sennacherib (~695 BCE) attesting his role as fashioner of cult statues for Aššur, Anu, Sîn, Šamaš, and Adad — direct evidence of the king's ritual responsibility for divine image-making in Assyria.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 011

One of Sennacherib's royal titulary inscriptions, attesting his claim to have personally fashioned cult statues for Aššur, Anu, Sîn, Šamaš, and five other deities — linking military kingship to ritual restoration of the Assyrian pantheon.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 012

Sennacherib's titulary here pairs his military dominion with personal stewardship of the major Assyrian cults, revealing how the king legitimised conquest through direct service to Aššur, Šamaš, and the pantheon.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 013

Names Sennacherib as sculptor of cult statues for Aššur, Anu, Sîn, Šamaš, and five other deities, placing royal image-making at the centre of Assyrian piety and legitimacy ca. 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 015

Sennacherib's own account of his sovereignty, framed as a divine mandate from Aššur — the titulary language of 'guardian of truth' and 'aid to the weak' maps the ideological vocabulary by which Assyrian kings legitimised conquest as cosmic order.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 016

Sennacherib's royal titulary in full ceremonial register — 'guardian of truth,' 'virile warrior,' 'bridle of the insubmissive' — shows how Assyrian kings wove divine mandate and martial prowess into a single ideological formula around 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 017

Sennacherib's self-presentation as cosmic shepherd and lightning-wielding warrior attests the formulaic theology of Assyrian royal legitimacy at the height of the empire, rooting military supremacy in the god Aššur's personal mandate.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 018

Attests Sennacherib's receipt of tribute from the official of Ḫararatu — gold, silver, musukkannu-timber, and livestock — documenting the economic extraction that funded Assyria's western campaigns circa 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 019

(i' 1') [I added ... pay]ment [and] imposed (it) [upon them]. (i' 3'b) [As for him, He]zekiah, [fear of] my lordly [brilliance (i´ 5´) overwhelmed him and he had] the auxiliary forces [and his] elite [troops whom he] had brought [inside the city Jeru]salem, [his royal city, along with 30 talents of gold], 800 talents of silver, (i´ 10´) [every kind of treasure] of his palace, [as well as his daughters], his palace [women, male singers, (and) female singers brought in]to Nineveh and he sent a moun]ted messenger of his to me [to deliver (this) pay]ment. (i' 15') [On my fourth campaign, I…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 020

Describes Sennacherib forcing Phoenician and Ionian captives to build Mediterranean-style ships on the Tigris, then portaging them overland to the Euphrates — a rare record of naval logistics adapted for landlocked riverine warfare against Chaldean Babylonia.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 021

(i' 1') [... they became frightened on acc]ount of the vill[ainous acts they had committed. They formed a confederation with] the kings of [Egypt (and) the archers, c]hariots, (and) hors[es of the king of the land Meluḫḫa], forces without number. (i' 5'b) In the plain of [the city Elteke]h, [I fought] with them [and] defeated them. (ii' 1') [...] ... [... He] — Marduk-apla-[iddina] (II) (Merodach-baladan), whom I had defeated during my fir[st] campaign — (ii´ 5´) became frightened by the clangor of [my] mighty weapon[s] and fl[ed] to (the city) Nagī[te]-raqqi, which is in the midst of the…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 022

Sennacherib's own account of his kingship frames his authority as divinely mandated by Aššur — a template for how Assyrian royal ideology fused military dominance with cosmic and moral legitimacy around 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 023

(i 1) Sennacherib, great king, [strong] king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the fou[r] quarters (of the world), capable shepherd, favorite of the grea[t] gods, guar[dian of truth] who lov[es] justi[ce, (i 5) renders assis]tance, goes to the aid of the w[eak], (and) str[ives after] good deeds, perfect man, virile warrior, foremost of all rulers, the bridle that controls the insubmissive, (and) the one who strikes enemies with lightning: (i 9b) The god Aššur, the great mountain, granted to me unrivalled sovereignty and made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal)…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 024

Preserves Sennacherib's royal titulary and Aššur theology in formulaic detail, documenting how Neo-Assyrian kings grounded military authority in divine mandate circa 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 025

(i' 1') [...] ... [(...) (As for) the rest of his magnates, including Nabû]-šuma-iškun, [a son of Marduk-apla-iddina (II) (Merodach-baladan), who had raised their arms because they were terrified of] doing battle with me, I [captured them ali]ve [in the thick of battle]. (i' 6') [I b]rought back [all together the chariots along with their horses, whose drivers had been killed i]n the thick of (that) [mighty battle and which had themselves been released so that they galloped about on] their [ow]n. [When the second double-hour of the night had passed], I stopped [their slaughter]. (i' 11') [(As…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 026

Chronicles Sennacherib's campaigns against Marduk-apla-iddina II and the Sidon succession — naming Tu-Baʾlu as Assyrian-installed client king, a concrete case of how Nineveh reshaped Levantine rulership circa 701 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 027

Preserves Sennacherib's self-presentation as divinely ordained enforcer of justice and protector of the weak — the ideological scaffolding that legitimised Assyrian imperial rule around 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 028

Chronicles Sennacherib's systematic destruction and looting of enemy cities, adding a datable Assyrian royal voice to the archaeological record of Neo-Assyrian military campaigns ca. 695 BCE.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 029

Records Sennacherib's 701 BCE Levantine campaign — the deportation of Ashkelon's king, his dynastic replacement, and the sack of Philistine coastal cities — corroborating and expanding the biblical account of his western expedition.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 030

Records Lulî of Sidon's flight by sea after Sennacherib's 701 BCE western campaign — one of the few Assyrian royal texts to name a Phoenician king's fate and corroborate the Biblical and classical tradition of that campaign.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 031

Composite royal inscription of Sennacherib (~695 BCE) that pairs the king's epithets as champion of justice and helper of the weak with concrete tallies of captives and livestock — revealing how Assyrian ideology fused divine mandate with systematic plunder.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 032

Records Sennacherib's founding of Kār-Sennacherib and his receipt of tribute from Medes 'of whose land no king, my ancestors, had heard mention' — pushing Assyrian imperial reach into previously undocumented Iranian territory.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 034

(1) Palace of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), favorite of the great gods, wise prince, circumspect ruler, shepherd of people, (and) leader of a widespread population, I: (3b) The god Aššur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all of the rulers and made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises. He gave me a just scepter that widens borders (and) he put in my hand a merciless rod to fell enemies. (6b) In a pitched battle, I overwhelmed like the Deluge Marduk-apla-iddina…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 035

(1') [...] ... [... I carried off the people of the land Bīt-Yakīn and their gods, together with sol]diers of [the king of the land Elam, and I brought (them) to Assyria]. (3'b) Afterwards, the [Babylonians — ..., who along with Mar]duk-apla-iddina (II) (Merodach-baladan) [had gr]oveled [in the face of] my mighty [we]apons dur[ing the course of a previous campaign of mine, ...] ..., had gone out, and had fled to (the land) Elam — brought [..., the E]lamite, to Babylon [and] he (the king of Elam) pla[ced Šūzubu (Nergal-ušēzib), son of Gaḫul (Gaḫal), o]n the royal throne over them. (9') [I…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 036

(1) [The god] Aššur, the great mountain, father of the gods, the one who decrees [fates, ..., who deli]berates (only) with himself; the gods Anu, Enlil, (and) E[a, ...] the designs of heaven and earth, who designates ... [...; the god Sîn (...)], the one who constantly renews himself, the pure god whose signs are inscrutab[le, ...], (5) the one who makes decisions, the one who makes [ast]rological signs [known; the god Šamaš, ...], great judge of the great gods, whose [lordly] splendor [overwhelms all of] the lands everywhere; the god Adad, canal inspector of heaven (and) earth, [...], the…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 037

(1) Palace of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), (and) favorite of the great gods: (4b) The god Aššur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all of the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises. He gave me a just scepter that widens borders (10) (and) he put in my hand a merciless rod to fell enemies. [He] made rulers of the four quarters (of the world), from east to west, bow down at my feet and they (now) pull my yoke. (14) [The akītu-house which] from…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 038

(1) Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), (and) favorite of the great gods: (5) The god Aššur and the goddess Ištar granted me a weapon without equal and gave me the strength (lit. “opened my arms”) to destroy those hostile to Assyria. With their great support, (10) I constantly directed my troops in safety from east to west and I made all of the rulers who sit on (royal) daises throughout the four quarters (of the world) bow down at my feet and they (now) pull my yoke. (13b) At that time, I enlarged the site of…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 039

(1) Palace of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), favorite of the great gods: (7) The god Aššur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all of the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises. (11) At that [time], the palace in the citadel of Nineveh, which the kings, my ancestors, had had constructed and whose site was too small; alongside of which the Tebilti River had flowed and which had shaken its base when its flood was in full spate: (17) I tore down that…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 040

(1') [I ra]ised its superstructure [in its entirety 190 courses of brick]. I en[larged] the structure of the palace [to 700 large cubits along (its) longer side and 440 large cubits along (its) shorter side and (thus) I made its site bigger]. (2'b) I built [palatial halls of breccia, alabaster], elephant ivory, ebony, boxwood, [musukkannu]-wood, [cedar, cypress, juniper, (and) elammaku-wood] there­[on as my lo]rdly [residence]; (then) I had a port[ico, a replica of a Hittite palace], constructed [opposite (its) gates]. (5') I [roofed them (the palatial halls) with] beams of ced[ar] (and)…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 041

(1') [I made (them) an obj]ect of wonder. (2'b) I decorated them (the doors) with silver [and copper] knobbed [nails]. I adorned the arches, friezes, and all of their copings with baked bricks (glazed in the color of) obsidian (and) lapis lazuli. (7'b) So that the construction of my palace might be carried out correctly and that my handiwork be completed, at that time, the god Aššur and the goddess Ištar, who love my priestly service (and) who selected me (lit. “who called my name”), revealed to me a source of trunks of cedar, which since distant days grew tall and very thick as they stood in…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 042

Records Sennacherib's account of defeating Marduk-apla-iddina II at the Battle of Kish (~703 BCE), one of the few Assyrian royal texts to name the Chaldean-Elamite coalition that twice seized the Babylonian throne.

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 043

(1) Palace of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), favorite of the great gods, wise prince, circumspect ruler, shepherd of the people, (and) leader of a widespread population, I: (3) The goddess Bēlet-ilī, the lady of creation, looked steadfastly upon me and created my features (while I was still) in the womb of the mother who gave birth to me. Moreover, the god Ninšiku gave me wide understanding equal to (that of) the sage Adapa (and) endowed me with broad knowledge. (4b) The god Aššur, father of the gods, made…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 044

(1) Palace of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), (and) favorite of the great gods: (5) The god Aššur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all of the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises. (7b) In a pitched battled, I repulsed Marduk-apla-iddina (II) (Merodach-baladan), the king of Karduniaš (Babylonia), (and) took away his rulership. I killed with the sword all of the Chaldeans, together with the massed body of Elamite troops, his allies. (11b) I…

LawMythology
~695 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 3

Sennacherib 045

(1') a dangerous enemy. [I ruined the land Ellipi and destroyed its settlements. Moreover, Lulî], the king of the city Sidon, [became frightened of doing battle with me], fl[ed] like a fish [to Yadnana (Cyprus), which is in the midst of the sea, and took refuge (there). In that same land, he disappeared] on account of the awesome terror of the w[eapon of the god Aššur, my lord]. I p[laced Tu-Baʾlu on] his [roy]al [throne and imposed upon him payment (in recognition) of my overlordship]. (6') [I rui]ned [the] wi[de district of the ... land Judah (and) ...]

LawMythology