Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.

~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lagaš II Unidentified 1054add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 42)
“(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (vase) ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004885/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lagaš II Unidentified 1059add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 49)
“(i 1') .... Ninĝirsu šhose ... in his holy hearṭ .... (ii 1') ... from the mountains ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004889/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lagaš II Unidentified 1061add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 53)
“(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) for his well-being and for the well-being of his spouse and child. ... of this bowl ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004891/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lagaš II Unidentified 1062add (formerly Nammahni 09a)
“(1') ... Ninkagina, the šhild of Kakug, ... for her well-being ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004892/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Laws of Lipit-Eštar (RIME 4.01.05.add10 (Laws of Lipit-Ishtar) composite)
Predates Hammurabi by roughly 150 years, recording Lipit-Eštar's mandate from An and Enlil to 'establish justice' — an early articulation of the Mesopotamian ideology that divine authority underwrites royal law-giving.
“(1) When the great An, father of the gods, and Enlil, king of all lands, who decides the fates, looked joyfully with a radiant smile at Ninisina, An’s child, because of the authority of the humble lady, and gave a propitious reign and the kingship of Sumer and Akkad to Isin, the border territory founded by An; (20) at the time, when An and Enlil chose Lipit-Eštar, the observant shepherd, whose name was proclaimed by Nunamnir, as the prince of the Land to establish justice in the Land, to eliminate complaints from (the people’s) mouth, to push back wickedness and violence with weapons, and to…”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000613/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lu-dingirana 2001 / CDLI Seals 001431 (CDLI Seals 001431 (physical))
“(1) Lu-diĝirana, temple administrator of Isin: Lu-diĝira, the scribe, is his servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001439/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lugal-ana-tuma 1
“(1) Thirty-five years after Umma had been divided up, Lugal-ana-tum, governor of Umma, built the E-gidru in Umma. He drove in its foundation pegs, and within it he put its divine powers in good order. (14) At that time Si’um was the king of Gutium.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001447/
Read the full tablet entry~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Lugal-ayamu 2001
Records Ur-Imma's temple construction for Damgalnuna at Adab under the administrator Lugal-ayaĝu, attesting early Ur III institutional religion: a slave-born temple builder rewarded with divine favour for his family's welfare.
“(1) At the time when Lugal-ayaĝu, the temple administrator of Iškur, ruled in Adab, Damgalnuna chose Ur-Imma in her holy heart and told him “Build my temple for me!”, and after Ur-Imma had gone to Damgalnuna to tell her of his intentions, Ur-Imma, the powerful house-born slave of Damgalnuna, the powerful servant of Imma, the powerful descendant of Lugal-niĝbarag-dug’s clan, excavated (her temple's) 6 kuš and 1 zapah deep foundation pit. He assigned a nueša priest, a cupbearer, male and female servants to the temple. (24) Because of these, Damgalnuna decided a good fate for Ur-Imma, and (when) he requested from her the well-being of his mother, the well-being of his spouse and child, and the well-being his brothers, (then) Damgalnuna stood by him in this.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004253/
Read the full tablet entry