Chapter 05 · 2000 – 1600 BCE
Old Babylonian
Hammurabi, the Epic of Gilgamesh, mathematics.

~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 04
Enlil-bani of Isin (r. c. 1860–1837 BCE) records his construction of the E-urĝira temple for Ninisina, anchoring his legitimacy in the goddess's patronage of Isin and his priestly role at Uruk.
“(1) For Ninisina, his lady, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the beloved en-priest of Unug, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse choosen in the heart by Inana, built the E-urĝira.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001986/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 05
“(1) For Ninibgal, the compassionate lady, who loves votive offerings, who listens to prayers and supplications, her shining mother, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the beloved en-priest of Unug, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse choosen in the heart by Inana, built her beloved temple.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001987/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 06
“(1) For Nintinuga, lady of the living and the dead, his lady, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, built the E-nidubu, his beloved temple.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001988/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 07
Attests Enlil-bani's construction of the E-dimgal-ana temple for the goddess Sud at Isin, anchoring his reign (~1860–1837 BCE) within the Sumerian tradition of legitimating kingship through divine patronage.
“(1) For Sud, his lady, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, built the E-dimgal-ana, her beloved temple.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001989/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 08
“(1) For Enlil, king of all lands, his master, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001990/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 09
Enlil-bani of Isin claims to have 'established justice in Sumer and Akkad' — the same reforming formula later codified by Hammurabi — linking his reign to a tradition of royal law-giving a century before Babylon's famous code.
“(1) When I, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, the en priest suitable for Unug, ceaseless provider of Eridug, the spouse chosen in the heart by Inana, established justice in Sumer and Akkad, then I built the eight palaces of the kings.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001991/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Enlil-bani 12add
“(i 1) For Annunītum of Agade, his lady, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse chosen in the heart by Inana, built the Ulmaš, her beloved temple in Isin.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q009693/
Read the full tablet entry~1925 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Erra-imitti 2001 / CDLI Seals 002519 (CDLI Seals 002519 (physical))
“(1) Iliška-uṭul, the scribe, child of Suen-ennam, is the servant of Erra-imitti.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001982/
Read the full tablet entry