Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 034. Taking Care of the King’s Oxen (CTN 5 p. 211)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Inurta-belu-uṣur. Good health to the king, my lord! (4) As to what the king, my lord, wrote to me: "Take care of the oxen of the Palace in your charge!" (7) The oxen of mine that were assigned to my charge by the Palace are very many. (10) [I] have been petitioning to the king, my lord, telling him that I have no fodder store. (13) (The towns) Gilgimê and Kunanê are/were my fodder stores, but [B]el-Harran-šarru-uṣur has [...] tak[en] their [... f]rom the meadows (and) has [...ed] the utensils [in the to]wns Ilanasa (and) [U]rmu. (r 5) Now let [the king],…”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P224489/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 035. Extracting the iškaru Dues on Horses (CTN 5 p. 251)

“(1) [To the ki]ng, my lord: [your servant In]urta-belu-uṣur. [Good heal]th to the king, my lord! (4) [Concerning] what the king, my lord, wrote to me: "[O]f the 1,000 cavalry which I formed and [is c]oming, you have extracted in my presence the iškāru tax on horses [for] this [y]ear that [I imp]osed on the merchants." (9) "[You should speak] with your heart [accor]dingly!" - [I have not y]et [extracted the išk]āru tax! (11) [... horse]s (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P224401/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 036. Raising Barley (CTN 5 p. 273)

“(1) [To the king], my [lord: your servant In]urta-belu-uṣur. [Good health] to the king, my lord! (4) [Concerni]ng what the king, my lord, [wrote] to me: "20,000 [homers of barley] have been imposed on you - [wh]en will you raise them?" (8) I have raised [x thousand] 966 homers [of barley] (Break) (r 2) [I shall rai]se the first [...s].”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P393616/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 037. Guard of Riblah (CTN 5 p. 161)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Šamaš-ahu-iddina. (3) The chief eunuch of my lord brought me into Riblah and impressed upon me regarding the watch over Riblah: "Half of the pack animals should enter Riblah whereas the other half should enter Qadeš." (12) Aini-El has gone and ap[peal]ed to the commander-in-chief. The messenger of [NN] has broug[ht] m[e] a letter of the commander-in-chief from Ri[bl]a[h ......] (Break) (r 1) [There is] water and oil [for] half of the [men] but n[ot] for the other half. (r 5) If the king, my lord, c[ommands]: "Let them buy and eat thei[r] own food," then…”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P393617/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 038. Chief of Trade Falling Sick (CTN 5 p. 295)

“(1) To the chief eunuch, my lord: your servant Ahu-lamur. (3) The best of health to my lord! (5) The chief of trade was hit by an affliction on the 22th of Elul (VI). I looked at him for a day, (but) it did not leave him. I looked at him for da[ys], it did not leave h[im]. Thereupon I sent a messenger to [m]y lord. (17) My lord may speak (about it), if it has (already) been spoken about in the Palace. If not, my lord s[hould writ]e to our ph[ys]ician. (r 6) I have not [yet] got the trib[ute] under way. (r 8) Let my lord send a royal order to Nergal-belu-uda''an that he takes on the rest of the tribute and bears the responsibility for the tribute.”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P428966/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 039. Problems in Exacting Corn Taxes (CTN 5 p. 132 and p. 285)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Šarru-emuranni, the deputy (governor) [o]f Isana. (4) (Concerning) the habitual corn taxes of Barruqu and Nergal-ašared that we have been exacting, Bel-aplu-iddina has now driven the delegates away. (Perhaps) the king, my lord, will say: "Is a bodyguard not exempt?" (10) He who (owns a field) by the king's sealed order must prove the exemption of the field. Those who were bought are (subject to) our corn taxes, but he refuses to pay them. (14) The delegat[es] who exacted the corn taxes are alive. [The ki]ng, my lord, should ask (them). (16) The chief…”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P428957/

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~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 040. Captives from Til-Barsip (CTN 5 p. 180)

“(Beginning destroyed) (1) Re[garding the ......] among the lat[er] captives whom the king, my lord, gave m[e] from Til-Ba[rsip], I have said: "I do know th[at] there certainly are no [...] among them." (7) Harammu, the chiliarch of Manṣuate has (now) come to me, (bringing) with him his five sons, [...]..., [and the res]t of [his] people. [The m]en ar[rived] on the 30t[h of ...]. (r 2) I told to [thei]r compeers: "I will release and equip them," but their brothers did not consent, saying: "The men are criminals; they will get up and run a[way. They are] be[nt on] killing." (r 9) Why [should I ...] the men? (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P393619/

Read the full tablet entry

~730 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 19 041. Sending a Chiliarch to the King (CTN 5 p. 255)

“(Beginning destroyed) (2) [those who ... de]scend to the count[ry] will die. (4) [However], Mušallim-Marduk with his people [will not] pass (but) settle down. [As soon as] I send (word), and have him stay overnight [in Guz]ana, they [will dep]art (and) [... m]y messenger. (9) Now then [...] (Break) (r 2) [......] the town Qarnina (r 3) The chiliarch [Haramm]u [and ...] his [...]s are in the presence of the governor [...]-Šamaš. I have sent him [to] the king's presence, saying: "The king's men who [...] in m[y] pr[esence] (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Luukko, M. 2012. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud. SAA 19. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa19/P224407/

Read the full tablet entry