Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 140. Fragment of a Military Report (CT 53 509)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Šulmu-[beli]. Good health [to the king, my lord]! (4) As to the ne[ws of ......] (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P313922/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 141. Summoning a Chariot-Man (CT 53 131)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Š[ulmu-be]li. [Good] heal[th to the king], my [lo]rd! (4) As regards [NN], the 'third [man' ...] of [NN] son of [NN], about whom the k[ing, my lord], wro[te me]: "Sum[mon him; ...] with [...]" (Break) (r 1) [They told m]e: "The chariot owner [who go]es [wi]th him will summ[on him]; he has gone to Arbela."”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P313546/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 142. Having an Official Whipped (CT 53 840)

“(Beginning destroyed) (2) [......] in the city [...]. (3) I have several times [told him to go] to Baqar to the [...] and bring down ice, but he does not obey me. (7) [When the king], my lord, [was] in C[alah], I gave to the king, my lord, the following [report]: "I have ap[pointed ... in the Pa]lace [...] (Break) (r 3) "He has not opened [...], nor giv[en or]ders [to ......]." (r 5) The king, my lord, (then) se[nt] word; [he] was brou[ght] to Calah, and the king, my lord, order[ed] him be whipped with [...] leather straps. (r 9) I (however) said to [the king, my lord]: "[......] (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P314249/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 143. Merchants Killed and Detained (CT 53 874)

“(1) [To the king, my lord: your servant Šulmu-beli. Good heal]th t[o the king, my lord]! (4) [A mes]senger [of ... has arrived in] our [co]untry; [he sends the king his re]gards. (6) [A]s to the [merchants ... about wh]om the king, my lord, w[rote me, ...] (9) 2 merchants [......] (10) who were killed, when [......], (11) a [... o]f the king, [my] lo[rd ......] (Break) (r 1) who in [......] (r 2) upon all the countri[es ......] (r 3) to greet the king, [my] lo[rd ...]. (r 4) He has deta[ined] my merchants [and ...ed them], while I [have] not [detained] his merchants; what are the king my…”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P314283/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 144. Cimmerians and the Urarṭian King (GPA 243)

“(1) [To the king, my lord: your servant NN]. Go[od health to the king, my lord]! (4) [The land of the king] is well (and) the f[orts] are well. (7) As to the news o[f the Urarṭian] about which the king, my lord, wr[ote me]: "[Send me] a deta[iled] report!" — (9) the Cimme[rian(s) ......] (Break) (r 2) [...] of Ar[a ...] (r 3) [...] were received [...] (r 4) ....... [...] (r 5) The Cimmerian (king) has [...ed] on it and pitched [his camp] in Uṣunali; [I do not have a full] report (yet). [...] with the Hubušk[ian]. (r 10) I have written to Urzana: "Send a detailed repo[rt on ...]" (Break) (e. 1) I have not [yet] heard [......]. (e. 2) Let them write me [what the king my lord's orders are].”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P224586/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 145. Cimmerian Invasion of Urarṭu (ABL 0112)

“(1) To the Palace Herald, my lord: your servant Urda-Sin. (4) The Cimmerian (king) has departed from Mannea this [...] and entered Urarṭu. He is ... [in] Hu'diadae; Sarduri is [...] in Ṭur[u]špâ. (14) The messenger of the governor of Wais[i] has gone to Ur[za]na for [help], saying: "Let yo[ur] troops come to (aid) the people of Pulia and Suriana." (r 6) All of Urarṭu is extremely frightened. They are assembling troops, saying: "Perhaps we can attack him, once there is more snow." (r 15) As to this booty which they said he has taken, they do say that of the district of Arhi, [...]......”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334060/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 146. A Letter of Excuse (ABL 0768)

“(1) [T]o the king, my lord: your servant Urzana. Good health to the king, my lord! (4) The king, my lord, knows my affair. Whe[re] are the oxen and the rams? (7) Snow has blocked the roads. (As) I am looking out now, it is impossible: I cannot go empty-handed to the presence of the ki[ng]. (11) Or (suppose) I went and had to return from [...: I might ... and die in] the enemy country. (15) My heart [is ...], humble [...], reaching [...]. (18) As to what the king, [my] lord, [wrote me]: (19) "2[......] (20) 400 [......] (21) [......] (22) t[o ......] (23) the king [......] (r 1) [......] (r 2)…”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334543/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 147. Urarṭian Governors in Muṣaṣir (ABL 0409)

“(1) A [tab]let of Urzana to the pa[lace] herald. Good health to y[ou]! (4) As to [wh]at you wrote me: "Is the king of Urarṭu on his way (there) with assembled troops? Where is he staying?" — (9) the governor of Waisi and the governor next to the Ukkean have come and are doing service in the temple. They say: (13) "The king is on his way; he is staying in Waisi, and further governors are coming to Muṣaṣir to do the service." (r 3) As to what you wrote me: "Nobody may take part in the service without the king's permission" — (r 8) when the king of Assyria came here, could I hold him back? He did what he did. So how could I hold back this one!”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334280/

Read the full tablet entry