Position in chronology
TJA UMM G 09
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P315333.
Transliteration
_6(asz) 3(barig) 3(ban2) sze gur 7(disz) 1/2(disz) gin ku3#-babbar li-ib-bu ma-na-ah-ti _a-sza3_ sza ib-ni-isz8-tar2 _dumu_ ku-bu-tum# e-li suen-dingir ir#-szu-u2 _u4# buru14#-sze3#_ a#-na# na-asz ka-ni-ki-[szu] [6(asz) 3(barig) 3(ban2) _sze gur_] [...] [...] _gin2# ku3#-babbar_
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — TJA UMM G 09. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (P315333) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P315333..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.