Position in chronology
RINAP 4 Esarhaddon x1014, ex. 001
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P395578.
Transliteration
[... ]elam-ma [...] [...] x-ad _nun_ hi-[...] [...]-man sza2-at-pi ka-[...] [...] ri-sza2-ni x x _ad-mesz_ [...] [...]-e ma-ku-tu [...] [...] ra-a-na ni-i-ti [...] [...] sap-lu sza2 ka-[...] [...]-ka [...]-nu-u2-si [...]-pi [...] [...] x x
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 4 Esarhaddon x1014, ex. 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P395578) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P395578..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.