Position in chronology
SAA 13 047. Passage of Rites (CT 53 906)
Translation · reference
High confidence(Beginning destroyed) (2) [They ham]mered the [...] thin and re-[did it]. (3) [......] the wing of [...] (4) [which ...] they raised (5) [......] they removed again (6) [......] saying: "The old one wasn't fastened." (7) [...] They hammered the gold thin and re-did it. (8) [...] ... under my arms [...] (9) [They ...ed the image] of the king inside the loop of Nikkal, as well as the gold cast. (r 1) [He says] that they have now m[ade it] of lead and mounted it with [go]ld. They have [set] aside the old [rit]es of Nikkal and instituted new ones. [He says] the arm of Tambaya is [...]. I tore off…
Source: Cole, S.W. & Machinist, P. 1998. Letters from Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. SAA 13. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa13/P314315/
Why it matters
Transliteration
[x x x x x x x] ú [x x] / [x x x x ur-ta]-ki-qu ⸢e⸣-[tap-šú] / [x x x x x x]+⸢x⸣ gap-pi ša ⸢x⸣+[x x] / [x x x x x]-bi us-se-lu-ni / [x x x x x] us-saḫ-ḫi-ru ú-tal-li-u / [x x x x x x x] ma-a pa-ni-u ⸢la? ka⸣-ṣir / [x x x x] ⸢KUG.GI⸣ [ur]-ta-ki-qu e-tap-šú / [x x x]-u-ni KI.TA ⸢Á.2⸣-ia ⸢x x-pi⸣ / [x x x]+⸢x⸣ LUGAL šá ŠÀ kip-pi-ti ⸢ša dNIN⸣.GAL / [x x]-ni u šip-ku ša KUG.⸢GI⸣ [x x]-u / [ma]-a…
Scholarly note
Letter from a temple priest or ritual official to Esarhaddon or Ashurbanipal, edited by Steven Cole & Peter Machinist (SAA 13, 1998). ORACC text P314315.
Attribution
Image: BM — (British Museum, London, UK) — from Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artifacts, P314315). source
Translation excerpted from Cole, S.W. & Machinist, P. 1998. Letters from Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. SAA 13. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa13/P314315/.
Related tablets
Related sources
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.
The single most important literary discovery of the 19th century. It rewired the understanding of the Bible's literary context and proved that the Mesopotamian flood tradition is older. It is the oldest surviving epic poetry in human history.
The literary tradition is no longer anonymous from this point. Authorship — the idea that a specific human voice composes a specific work — enters the historical record with her.