Sumerian·Book

Position in chronology

DP 199

~2400 BCE·Early Dynastic·P220849

About this tablet

A small ruled tablet from Girsu (modern Tello) in the state of Lagash, about 2350 BCE — an offering record from the household of Baranamtara, the queen and wife of the ruler Lugalanda. Two sheep are given for the goddess Nin-MAR.KI and for the E-tur cattle-pen in connection with a rite involving calves and water; the queen herself performs the offering, and a palace barber named Nin-mu-ma-da-ag delivers the animals. The tablet was filed under Enku, the palace fattener responsible for stall-fed livestock, and dated to the fourth year of the reign. It is a typical piece of the great Bau-temple archive, where the queen's ritual expenditures were tracked animal by animal.

Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.

Written in modern English

Two sheep were issued: one for the goddess Nin-MAR.KI and one for the cattle-pen, both for the calf-watering ceremony. Queen Baranamtara made the offering herself. The animals were brought to her by Nin-mu-ma-da-ag, the barber, and were eaten as part of the rite. The record belongs to the accounts of Enku, the livestock fattener, and is dated to year 4.

A modern paraphrase of the literal translation — same content, contemporary voice.

Translation — our engine

Our engine
Medium confidence
1 sheep — (for) Nin-MAR.KI; 1 sheep — (for) the E-tur (the cattle-pen); for the calf-watering rite — Baranamtara "touched the wood" (i.e. made the offering). Nin-mu-ma-da-ag, the barber, brought (them) in for her. (The sheep) were consumed. (reverse) It is (the account) of Enku the fattener. (Year) 4.

Our translation engine — Opus 5. Reads the photo, translates the cuneiform, and writes a plain-language interpretation. See methodology for limits.

Spotted an error? Suggest a correction — confirmed corrections feed the engine's knowledge base.

Engine notes

read from photo
7 uncertain terms ↓
  • gesz be2-tag — Literally 'to strike/apply the wooden implement'; the exact administrative action is debated — it may refer to marking, branding, or a wooden tally/authorization instrument. Context suggests an official act of authorization or marking of the animals.
  • nin-mu-ma-da-ag2 — A personal name; the element ag₂ means 'to measure/love'; the full name may be read 'My lady/mistress has truly measured/loved (me)' or similar — a theophoric construction. Could also be a title rather than a name.
  • szu-i — Conventionally translated 'barber' in Lagash administrative texts; the presence of a barber in a livestock record may indicate he is a named official/recipient rather than performing barbering duties in this context.
  • e-da-kux(DU) — Verbal form: 'has entered/brought in (with someone)'; the prefix e-da- implies comitative action ('brought in together with'). The precise reading of the DU sign as kux (a specialized entry/delivery verb) is well-attested in Early Dynastic Girsu but worth noting.
  • amar a si-ge4-de3 — 'Calves to be properly watered/fed': si-ge₄ can mean 'to fill, to satisfy, to water/feed properly'; the phrase describes the intended treatment of the young animals. Some scholars read this as 'calves to be returned to their mothers (for suckling)'.
  • kuruszda — The title of an official responsible for fattening animals destined for institutional consumption or offering; sometimes rendered 'animal fattener,' 'chief herdsman,' or 'fodder official' in different scholarly traditions.
  • 4(|ASZxDISZ@t|) — The numeral sign here uses a composite notation for 4; this is the total count summary at the tablet's close, standard for Lagash administrative records. The exact graphemic form of the numeral sign as described in the transliteration cannot be independently verified from the photo at this resolution.
Reasoning ↓

The photograph shows a small, well-rounded clay tablet (museum number AO 13407 visible in purple ink on the left edge) displayed from multiple angles: obverse, reverse, and all four edges. The surface is light tan/buff clay, moderately worn but with wedge impressions clearly visible on the obverse and parts of the reverse. The obverse shows multiple horizontal lines of text with clear Sumerian cuneiform signs; individual sign clusters are legible under magnification corresponding to the transliteration's livestock and personal-name entries. The reverse (bottom panel of the photo) is somewhat smoother with fewer lines but still carries signs consistent with the summary line (kurušda-kam and the numeral). The transliteration and photo are broadly consistent: the numeric notation 1(asz@c) for the sheep entries, the personal names (Bara-namtara, Nin-mu-ma-da-ag₂, En-ku), and the functional terms (šu-i = barber, kurušda = fattener/animal keeper) all appear to correspond to the sign clusters visible on the tablet. Cannot fully verify every sign from the photo at this resolution, particularly the AMAR phrase and the gešbe₂-tag sequence. The term e-da-kux(DU) 'has brought in' and gu₇-a 'fed' are standard Early Dynastic Girsu administrative vocabulary. The tablet belongs to the well-known Lagash/Girsu corpus (Deimel Plates = DP series), comparable to similar livestock allocation records from that archive.

Generated by Claude Sonnet 4.6 · prompt 2026-05-12/v4-interpretation · May 16, 2026 · 2263 in / 1294 out tokens

Transliteration

1(asz@c) udu nin-mar
1(asz@c) udu e2-tur3
amar a si-ge4-de3
bara2-nam-tar-ra
gesz be2-tag
nin-mu-ma-da-ag2
szu-i
e-da-kux(DU)
gu7-a
en-ku3
kuruszda-kam 4(|ASZxDISZ@t|)

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — DP 199. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P220849) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-opus-5 (2026-07-12/v7-evolved).

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