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Sumerian · Book

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Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 8 / 1593

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4571

(Obverse) [...] 1(N14) [...], ewe (U8) 5(N14) 7(N01), ram (UDUNITA) [...] 1(N14) 4(N01), [X — sign broken/illegible] 1(N34) [...] 6(N01), nanny goat (UD5) [...] 6(N01)(?), billy goat (MAŠNITA) (blank case), sheep (UDU), storehouse/E2(?) [...] [...] 3(N14) 7(N01)(?), KIR11 (ewe) 5(N14)(?), foreign-land lamb (KUR SILA4) 3(N14) 1(N01), female goat (SAL MAŠ) 2(N14), foreign-land goat (KUR MAŠ) 3(N01), lamb (SILA4)(?) [X] (blank case), AN [X] [...] (blank case) — traces only, remainder illegible/uninscribed

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4572

1. [...] ...(illegible) SAG(?) ... [...] 2. 1 GIR3(?) [foot/transport sign — damaged] 3. 1 EN [lord/official], ŠA3 [interior/contents], HI [qualifier — 'mixed'?] 4. 1 BAHAR2 [potter/vessel-maker] 5. 1 GIR3(?) DIM(?) ... [signs damaged] 6. ... [illegible sign] 7. (blank / broken) (Break) 8. [...] ... UDU~a(?) [sheep/small livestock — damaged]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4588/4

1. [N] , [...] barley(SZE~a) BU~a(sign, uncertain: plant/pluck/blow/disbursement marker) 2. 1(N01) 3(N39~a) , [...] 3. [N] , [...] 4. [N] , X [...] 5. N? , jar(DUG~c?) X X [...] 6. 1(N01) [...] , [...] 7. [...] , [...] X 8. [...] , [...] X 9. [...] , [...] X

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4590/1

[...] 1(N42) 1(N25) , [...] 3(N39) 1(N24) , LAGAB(?) [...] 1(N01) , X [...] , [...] [...] , [...] EN X 3(N14) , |EZEN×X| [...] , [...] , SI X GU7 [...] , [...] , |U4×6(N57)|(?) GIBIL SANGA DUB

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4590/2

(Obverse) Line 1: 5 (units of measure N14), the sign-group |EZEM~axX| (festival-compound sign), [broken sign], PAP~a (totaling/supervisory mark) Line 2: [break], SI (horn/commodity sign), GU7 (consumed / disbursed) Line 3: 1 (N01), 1 (N39~a), 1 (N24), [break] Line 4: 3 (N01), 3 (N39~a), 1 (N24), [break], [illegible sign] Line 5: 1 (N45), 2 (N14), [broken numeral], 3 (N01), [break], [...] (Reverse and edges: uninscribed or bear only numerical/seal impressions — no further legible sign groups preserved.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 001

(Case/heading line) U4 (day/time-marker) — NI.RU (given/deposited) — A (water/at?) — KI (place) — BU~a (disbursement/plant-marker) — AB~a (cattle-stall/institution) (Case 2) 1(N45) 5(N50) [N] units — GAN2 |ŠE~a&ŠE~a| (field of barley/grain-field) (Case 3) 1(N50) [2(N14) n] — GURUŠ~a SAL (male worker[s], female [worker(s)]) (Case 4) 3(N45) 2(N50) 5(N14) [N] units — GAN2 KI A (field, at the place of water/irrigation) (Total line) 5(N45) 3(N50) 4(N14) 3(N01) — LAGAB~b (total/sum) GAN2 (field) BU~a (disbursement) KI (place) NI.RU (given/deposited) AB~a (institution) APIN~a (plow)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 002

1. 2(N45) 3(N50) 4(N14) — (entry): EN(-a), field (GAN2) 2. 1(N45) 1(N50) 7(N14) — (entry): at/from (KI), BU(-a) 3. 1(N14) 2(N22) 5(N01) — (entry): wood (GIŠ), at/from (KI), portion (BAR) 4. 3(N45) 5(N50) 2(N14) 2(N22) 5(N01) — (entry): field (GAN2), cattle-stall/institutional store (AB-a), NI(-a).RU (given/deposited), IL [...] (broken — text lost)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 003

(Case 1) [...] field(s) — place — ŠAGAN (official/vessel-sign). (Case 2) 4(N50) 9(N14) 1(N22) — EN (lord/high official) — field. (Case 3) 2(N50) 4(N14) 2(N22) — place — BU. (Case 4) 4(N08) — wood — place — BAR. (Case 5, total) 1(N45) 1(N50) 4(N14) 4(N08) — LAGAB (total/enclosure) — field — place — ŠAGAN.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 007

1. 3(N14) 4(N01) 1(N39~a) — [broken sign] barley (ŠE~a) [...] 2. 3(N19) 4(N04) — reddish/processed commodity (SI4~f), BU~a, PAP~a, NAM2 [(damaged)] 3. 6(N19) [...] — [broken sign], place/locative (KI), [broken sign] [...] 4. 4(N19) 1(N04) 3(N41) — "in hand of"/received (ŠU?) [...] 5. — lord/official (EN~a), reed-measure (GI), [broken sign] [...] 6. 8(N14) 1(N01) 4(N39~a) — field/GAN2, barley (ŠE~a) 7. [2(N46) 7(N19) 5(N04) 4(N41) 1(N24~b)?] — barley (ŠE~a), reddish/processed (SI4~f) 8. 1(N36) 6(N14) 1(N01) 3(N39~a) 1(N24) — barley (ŠE~a), lord/official (EN~a)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 008

(Obverse) 1. [...], [...] 2. 1(N14) [...], [...] 3. 1(N14) [...], [...] SANGA~a (temple administrator) 4. [...], [...] 5. [...] 2(N01) [...], [...] IL(?) [...] 6. 1(N22), GI TU~b(?) [...] 7. 1(N14), KISZIK~a [...] 8. 1(N14), SANGA~a (temple administrator) [...] 9. 1(N14), EN~a (lord/high official) [...] [...] 10. 1(N22) [...], [...] [...] 11. [...], [...] EN~a (lord/high official) [...] 12. 1(N14) 1(N22), MASZ (kid/goat) GAN2 (field) [...] [...] (Reverse) 13. [...] 5(N14) 1(N22) [...], |SZE~a&SZE~a| (barley, doubled sign) GAN2 (field) EN~a (lord/high official) PA~a (overseer/classifying mark)…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 009

1. 2(N01), grain (SZE~a·SZE~a) — fish (KU6~a) — workers/men (ERIM~a) 2. [...] 1(N22) 2(N01), tablet/record(?) (DUB~b) ... [...] 3. 2(N22), NI~a·RU(?) — ME~a — remainder/allocation(?) (TAK4~a) [...] 4. [...], field/commodity-category (GAN2) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 014

(Obverse) [...] , [...] 1(N01) [unit] , X X [...] (two undetermined signs) 3(N01) [units] , [...] 3(N01) [units] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] (Final/summary line) 6(N14) 2(N01) 1(N24) , X barley(SZE~a) — disbursed (BA) — plow/plow-team (APIN~a)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 025

(Obverse) 1. 2(N14) 3(N01) 4(N39~a) 1(N24) — barley [...] 2. — record/tablet(?), reed(-measure), fish 3. — beer, flour/groats (Reverse or continuation) 4. [...] — [...] fish, record/tablet(?), reed(-measure)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 030

1. 2(N14) 2(N01), barley (ŠE), new — [of/for] URI3 — allotted (BA)? 2. [...], [...] 3. |ŠU&ŠU| — plow(-team) (APIN) — lord/high official (EN) — AN — ME(?) — ŠU [...] 4. 2(N14) 5(N01), barley (ŠE) 5. 3(N04), 6. 2(N14) 1(N19) 2(N01), |ŠU&ŠU| — barley (ŠE) — field (GAN2) — reed/rod-unit (GI)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 031

1. 3(N14) 2(N01) , [entry:] herald(?) — NIM~b1 (damaged sign, quality/place uncertain) 2. 1(N14) , MU(?) — SZU 3. 1(N14) , MU(?) — [......] 4. [4(N01)] , [......] 5. [numeral broken] , UB(?) [......] |SZU&SZU| (compound/doubled sign) 6. 6(N14) , barley

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 032

(Obverse) 1. 1(N20) 4(N05) 1(N42~a) — nar (musicians/singers): barley [...] 2. 3(N14) 3(N01) 1(N39~a) — storehouse (é): barley — BU~a [unclear sign] 3. 4(N05) — BA AL DU [disbursement/delivery formula] 4. — nar: A [uncertain sign] 5. [3(N14)] — [...] (Reverse) 6. 2(N20) 4(N05) — barley: BAR [...] 7. 2(N20) 1(N05) — barley 8. — [...] AL BA 9. [5(N14)] 5(N01) 1(N39~a) — nar: A [uncertain sign] 10. 7(N14) 5(N01) — barley: BA AL DU 11. — SAG [heading/summary]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 047

1. 2(N14) 4(N01) — barley(?): ... men/work-troop (ERIM~a) ... 2. 2(N14) 1(N01) [...] — oil/fat(?) (NI~a), barley(?) ... 3. 1(N14) 4(N01) — given/deposited(?) (RU) ... 4. 1(N14) 4(N01) — water(?)/cattle-stall(?) (A? AB~a?) ... 5. 1(N01) [...] — [...] ... 6. [...] — [...] (break) 7. 1(N14) 1(N01) — the lord/official (EN~a), delivered/in transit (DU) ... 8. 1(N14) — [...] the SZITA~a1-implement, storehouse (E2~a) ... 9. [...] — [...] Šubur (SZUBUR), TE ... 10. [...] — [...] (break) 11. 1(N14) 1(N58) 6(N14) 1(N01) 3(N08)? — barley (total) 12. 5(N19)? 2(N08~b)? — TE 13. 1(N14) 1(N58) 1(N14) 2(N01)…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 048

5(N14) — SZITA~a1 (implement/spear-sign), (of) Uruk, ... barley, EN~a (the lord/high official) 1(N45) 2(N01) — UD5~a(?) (goat/she-goat) 1(N14) — AB~b (cattle-pen), E2~a (storehouse) 3(N01) — EN~a (the lord/official), TU~b 3(N14) 5(N01) 3(N39~a) — UB (storage bin/compartment), 1(N04) 2(N14) 2(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24) — |SZU&SZU| (hands/receipt[s]) [...] 3(N14) — ... PAP~a (supervisory/summary marker), GI (measuring reed), BA (disbursed), SZU (received) [...] 4(N19) — ... [...] 2(N19) 2(N04) — [...] 4(N14) [...] — [...] 1(N19) — SZU (received) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 058

1. [...] : [...] 2. 1 (unit): KU6~a — the compound sign |KU6~a.1(N02)| ("fish" sign combined with a secondary numeral notation) 3. 1 (unit): NAM2(?) 4. 1 (unit): DU BARA3 — "brought/delivered — BARA3" (dais/platform) 5. 3 (units): BAHAR2~c — "potter(s)" 6. 1 (unit): BIR3~b MUSZ3~a 7. [...] : [...] 8. 3(N14) 5(N01): UB AB~a BAR SAG SI4~f — summary/total line

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 066

1 (unit) — SZITA (dagger/spear-sign), EN (lord/high official), AB (cattle-stall/institutional sign), KAK (peg-sign) 1 (unit) — TAK4 (remainder), U2 (fodder/plant), SAG (head/foremost) [...] — [...] NIR (uncertain sign) [...] — [...] SZITA (dagger/spear-sign, reading uncertain) 1 (unit) — APIN (plow), AMA (mother / female official) 1 (unit) — EN (lord/high official), EZEN (festival) 1 (unit), 1 (N04-numeral) — EN (lord/high official) [...] 8 (units) — URU (settlement/city-sign) [...] 4 (units) — SZU (hand/received), EN (lord/high official), X [...] [...] — [...] (broken, illegible)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 068

1 (unit): ŠU&ŠU (a compound "hands" sign; function/commodity unclear) 1 (unit): BU-grain (bu~b), barley — given/deposited (ru) 1 (unit): SI (horn) — enclosure/courtyard (kisal) 1 (unit): EN (lord/high official) — PAP (supervisory or summary notation) 1 (unit): 3(N57) [numeric sub-entry, capacity-system count] 1 (unit): AN — 3(N57) 1 (unit): GU — 3(N57) 1 (unit): SI, TUN3 (vessel?), SI — enclosure/courtyard (kisal) 1 (unit): bird (MUŠEN) — NA, reed-measure (GI) — workers (ERIM) 1 (unit): [sign, broken/uncertain] — workers (ERIM) (break) — UB, AB (institutional/cattle-stall category) [...] 14 (u…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 076

(Obverse) 1. 2(N57) — [sign] EN2×E2(?) [a compound sign, possibly "chapel/enclosure"; reading uncertain] 2. KASKAL(?) NAGAR(?) — [broken sign] [...] 3. [...] — [illegible sign] (Reverse / continuation) 4. [...] [...] — [broken] EN~a [broken] A 5. [...] [...] — SI 6. [...] — LAL2~a MUSZ3~a (The tablet breaks off after this point; no further signs are preserved.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 077

[Case] , [...] ... |GIŠ×ŠU2~a| (compound sign, illegible commodity) [Case] , [...] ME~a — E2~a ("house/storehouse") [Case] , [...] (broken, illegible) [Case] , [...] ... SAL ("woman/female") EN~a ("lord/official") [Case] , [...] EN~a# ("lord/official", damaged) SAL ("woman") TAK4~a A ("remainder"(?) + "water") [Case] , 3(N57) |EN2.E2~b| (compound sign) APIN~a# ("plow", damaged) 1(N42~a) , UR~a# ("dog"(?) sign, damaged) 1(N42~a)#? , EN~a ("lord/official") DI# (damaged, function unclear) 1(N01) , NE~a ("fire/fuel") UB ("bin/compartment") ZATU798 (unidentified sign) , [...] (broken, illegible) ,…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 078

(Obverse) Line 1: [...], 1 (N30a-unit) [sign uncertain] [...] (broken) Line 2: 1 (N01-unit), 1 (N39a-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) — AN (sky/divine or commodity marker), GUM (sign of uncertain reading) Line 3: 1 (N01-unit), 1 (N39a-unit), 1 (N24-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) [...] (entry continues into a break) Line 4: 1 (N01-unit) | 1 (N30a-unit) — Szubur, BU (sign of uncertain reading — bird term, plant, or disbursement marker) Line 5: 1 (N39a-unit), 1 (N24-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) — URU(settlement)-sign compounded with HI(g), NAGA (natron/soapwort or uncertain…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 085

[...] , [...] 5(N18) 2(N03) , 2(N34) 1(N14) 6(N01) [...] , sheep (UDU) 1(N60) 2(N52) , 3(N14) 5(N01) , ŠU2 ("into the hand of" / receipt notation) 1(N14) 2(N01) , ME (sign of uncertain value) 1(N14) 4(N01) , ZATU753 (unidentified sign) [...] , KID (reed-mat/plaited-goods sign) [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 5(N01) , DUR (uncertain: cord/bond sign) , [...] |NI.RU| ("given/deposited," oil(?) notation) , GAL PA GI [...] ("great" + overseer/classifying mark + reed/measuring term) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 086

(Obverse) 1. 9(N20), |U4×(1(N14).8(N01))| |U4×1(N57)| — beer (KASZ). 2. 1(N34) 2(N01) [...] — sheep/small livestock (UDU). 3. 6(N20), [...]. 4. 2(N14) [...], [...]. 5. 3(N34) [...] 1(N14) [...] — sheep/small livestock (UDU). 6. 1(N60) 2(N52), 7. 3(N14) 5(N01) — into the hand of / received (ŠU2). (Reverse or continuation) 8. [...] 1(N34) [...] — binding/bundle (DUR). 9. [...] — measuring-reed (GI) [...].

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 087

(Column/line 1) [...], [...] GI (reed/length-unit) — beer(?) [KASZ], the sign U4 combined with 1(N57) [...] (Line 2) 1(N60) 2(N52) [...], (Line 3) 2(N14) 6(N01) [...], [...] (illegible sign) (Line 4) [...], (illegible sign) [...] (Line 5) , GI (reed/length-unit) [...] (Line 6) 1(N47) 5(N20) 3(N05), (Line 7) 5(N18) 2(N03), (Line 8) 2(N01)(?) [...], [...] (Line 9) 1(N14) 2(N01), ME (sign of uncertain value) (Line 10) [...] 4(N01), ZATU753 (unidentified commodity sign) (Line 11) [...], KID (reed-mat product) [...] (Line 12) , [...] NI.RU(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 104

1. 2(N14): barley — remainder(-allocation) — beer — workers (erim) 2. barley — disbursed (ba) — the temple administrator (sanga) — NI.RU (deposited/given) 3. 1(N14) 3(N01) [...]: [...] barley 4. 2(N14): DA — AD(~c) 5. 3(N14): IL — plant/fodder (u2) 6. 1(N14): remainder(-allocation) — oil/fat — head/chief (sag) 7. goat/kid (mash) — barley 8. 2(N46) 2(N04) 2(N41): LAGAB — barley — disbursed (ba) 9. [1(N45) 2(N14) 5(N01)]: [...] 10. 1(N34) 3(N14) 1(N04) 2(N41): GIR3 — PA(-mark) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 106

1(N01) — U2 (fodder/plant material) [...] 4(N01) [...] — ZATU644 (sign, commodity undetermined) [...] — barley (ŠE), PA (mark/classifier), GIR₃@g (gir, small-stock or foot-sign), |AMAR.1(N02)| (compound notation, 'young animal' + numeral sign) [...] [...] — barley (ŠE), GI (reed/length-measure), AB (institutional designation) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 109

4(N20) [...] , [1(N03) 2(N40)] , 1(N01) , DUG~b (jar-type b) 1(N01) , DUG~c (jar-type c) 1(N14) , ŠU2 (into the hand of / receipt) [...] , ZATU644~a (commodity sign) 3(N01) , ME~a ZATU753 4(N01) [...] , MA (vessel/boat) 7(N01) , ḪAŠḪUR (apple/fruit) 2(N14) 4(N01) , UDU~a (sheep) 3(N14) , SUḪUR (carp-fish) 2(N52) , , |NI~a.RU| GIBIL SU~a 3(N57) GU7 [...] (oil-given(?), fresh, SU(-commodity), 3(N57), consumed/disbursed [...]) [...] , [MU |ZATU714xHI@g~a|] (year/name(?)-sign compound)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 110

[...] 1(N34) [...] 1(N14), 9(N01) — cattle-pen(?): delivered/brought — [illegible sign] [...] 1(N34), 3(N14) — [illegible sign] [...] [...] — [...] 2(N14), 2(N01) [...] — [...] 1(N14), 1(N01) [...] — [...] [...] — [...] 1(N34), 1(N14) [...] — [...] reed/length-unit (GI) 1(N35), 2(N15), 3(N02) — [illegible sign] [...] 9(N34), 3(N14), 3(N01) — kid/goat (MAŠ), field (GAN2), sheep (UDU) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 113

(Column/Line 1) [...] , [...] (Line 2) [...] , [...] a jar(DUG) of beer(KASZ) [...] (Line 3) [...] 2(N20) 1(N05) , EN~a [lord/high official] ... [...] (Line 4) [...] , [...] (Line 5) 1(N34) 1(N14) [...] , sheep(UDU~a) (Line 6) 3(N52) 1(N38) 2(N21) , (Line 7) [...] 2(N01) , ŠU2 [received/disbursed] (Line 8) X [...] , [...] (Line 9) [...] , [...] (Line 10) [...] , reed-mat(KID~b) BAR [...] (Line 11) 1(N51) 2(N14) , |6(N57).GAR| [compound numeral/commodity notation] (Line 12) , X reed-unit(GI) [...] (Line 13) , |U4x5(N57)| reed-unit(GI) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 115

2 (N14-unit) [...], [...] [...], [...] [...] X, 2 (N01-units), ŠU₂ ("into the hand of / disbursed") 3 (N01-units), ZATU753 (unidentified commodity sign) [...], [...] [...], [...] [...] X X (unidentified/damaged signs) [...], [...] KID~a, EN~a ("lord"/official)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 116

1 (N01-unit): sheep. 2 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). 1 (N01-unit): sheep. 5 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). KAB(?) — LAGAB — reed(-measure). barley(?). 2 (N01-units): sheep. 7 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). 1 (N40-unit): [...]. [...] lord/official (EN): 1 (N57-unit).

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 118

1. 3(N01) , [......] potter (BAHAR2~b) 2. 3(N01) , laborer/worker-class (GURUSZDA) [......] 3. 3(N01) , woman(?) (SAL), silver (KU3), day/time-unit(?) (U4), water (A), exalted one/storehouse(?) (NUN~a) 4. 2(N01) [......] , [......] 5. 1(N01) [......] , [......] 6. 1(N01)# [......] , [......]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 120

(Obverse, column entries — left portion broken throughout) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] , [...] 3(N03) , 1(N01) , GA'AR~a1 [...] , [...] 1(N05)#? [...] , [...] 1(N06) , [...] [...] , X 1(N01) , SIG7? SZE~a 1(N05) , 1(N24) , (Break) , [...] , DU KU6~a

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 135

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 142

(Column/line 1) [...] — [...] (2) [...] — [...] X (3) [...] — [...] X (4) [...] — [...] (5) [...] — [...] X (6) [...] — [...] X (7) 1(N01) — sheep [...] (8) 1(N01) — [unidentified sign] [...] (9) 1(N01) — [two unidentified signs] (10) [...] — [two unidentified signs] (11) [...] 1(N01) 2(N39~a) — barley, beer, [unidentified sign] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 143

(Column/line 1) [...] 3(N05) 3(N42a) , 5(N01) , DUR (cord/bundle) NUNUZ (egg/spawn-mark) [...] 1(N34) , ZATU800 GIŠ (wood) [...] 5(N01) , KID (reed-mat) BAR (portion/category) [...] 2(N14) , 5(N57).KU3 (bright/silver-compound) , NI.RU(?) PA GIR3@g X [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 150

(Line 1) [......], U2~b(?) (fodder/plant material?), A (water/liquid). (Line 2) 1(N01), MU (year/name — sense uncertain), |ZATU714×HI@g~a| (a compound sign, unresolved as a personnel/title designation). (Line 3) [1(N01)], [UDU~a] (sheep), |U4.(1(N14).5(N08))| (a compound sign combining the U4-element with numerical values 1 and 5), GAL~a (great/large), ŠAB~a (a title, perhaps a cupbearer/butcher-type office). (Line 4) [1(N01)], [UDU~a] (sheep), |U4×X| (a damaged compound sign), DI (sign-name/unclear function), GIR3@g~b (a personnel or livestock category term).

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 154

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N01)# , SZU2# [...] , [...] — , BA — , SZU ZI~a — , GIR3@g~b DI [...] , [...] |U4×2(N01).X|# X [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 161

1. 1(N01) unit(s): MA (vessel/container) 2. 4(N01) unit(s): HAŠḪUR (orchard-fruit / apple) 3. 2(N01) unit(s): MA ZATU735(b) [container-commodity, sign unidentified] 4. 1(N01) unit(s): |GA₂~a1×GEŠTU~c3| (storehouse/container compound sign) 5. 1(N01) [......], [......] (broken) 6. |NI~a.RU| ("given/deposited" — tentative) 7. [......] MUŠ₃~a(?) (broken; unclear administrative referent) 8. [......] A LAM~b (broken; "water/liquid(?)" + LAM~b commodity/wood sign) 9. UNUG~a(?) — [Uruk]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 163

1(N01) unit(s), MA (vessel/container) 4(N01) unit(s), HASZHUR (apple/orchard-fruit) 2(N01) unit(s) [...], [MA] ZATU735~b (sign/commodity, uncertain) 1(N01) unit, GA2~a1×GESZTU~c5 (compound sign — storehouse/container-type) 1(N01) unit, UKKIN~b×DIN (compound sign, referent unclear) NI~a.RU ("given/deposited" — tentative) 3(N57), MUSZ3~a (administrative referent unclear) UNUG~a (Uruk)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 172

1. [...], |DUG~cx1(N57)| (a vessel-sign, quantity 1(N57)) 2. [...], ŠU2 3. [...], [...] 4. [...], [...] X 5. 5(N01), ḪAŠḪUR (apple/fruit-tree — 5 units) 6. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×X| (1 unit of a GA2-container, compounded with sign X) 7. 1(N01), UKKIN~a (1 unit — 'assembly'/institution) 8. NUN~a TAK4~a KI (NUN — TAK4 — KI: a princely/institutional designation, a 'remainder'-allocation, at/from a place) 9. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×ŠA| ŠE~a (1 unit of a GA2×ŠA-container of barley) 10. NI~a.RU (given/deposited — reading tentative) 11. 3(N57) MUŠ3~a (3(N57) units of MUŠ3, an unclear administrative referent) 12. UN…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 179

1 (unit): jar (DUG~b). 1 (unit): beer (KASZ~c). 6 (units): MA (boat/container-measure). 6 (units): apple(s) (ḪAŠḪUR). 4(N14) 4 (units): ... AB~a. 3(N14) (units): AB~a (cattle-stall/institutional) — SUḪUR (carp/fish). [...]: EN~a (lord/official) — PA~a (overseer/classifying mark) — jar (DUG~a). 2(N52) (units): AB~a. 3(N21) (units): EN~a — jar (DUG~a) — BAR (disbursement/portion). — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...]. — fresh/new (GIBIL) — 3(N57) — SU~a — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...].

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 183

[...] 3(N01), X [...] 1(N01), X [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) [...] , field(GAN2) — TI(-allocation) [...] 3(N01), [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01)#, X ZATU750 1(N01), X [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N01), X sheep(UDU~a)#? [...] , [...] X 1(N14)# 8(N01)#, X [...] , X disbursed(BA#) house/storehouse(E2~a)#? SZU [...] 2(N01) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 186

[...] , ... was brought/delivered (DU) to the cattle-stall/institution (AB) [...] 1(N14) 10(N01) (units) , the lord/overseer (EN) — the PA-official/marker — the ZATU776 sign — 1(N58)? — the AN sign — 3(N57) [...] , the day/temporal marker (U4) — NI.RU (given/deposited) [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) (units) [...] , [...] 1(N14) [...] , [...] 4(N14) 7(N01) (units) , the LAGAB sign (container/aggregate)? — the DUR sign (cord/bundle) — X [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 201

1(N01) , GIR3~c(?) [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X SI# GU4

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 205

1 (unit): GIR3 (foot/dagger-sign, variant “g~b”) — ...[broken] 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — AN UB (storage bin, with celestial/divine marker) 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — SZIR(?) NIM(?) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — UB (storage bin) 6 (units): UDU (sheep) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — [...broken]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 212

(Fragmentary, proto-cuneiform administrative tablet; sign-by-sign rendering follows the transliteration) Line 1: ... DAH [broken sign] SAGxMA(compound sign) KI(place/locative marker) Line 2: 1(N14) 7(N01) — [count of measures/units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — SAGxMA (compound sign, commodity or container term) Line 3: 1(N14) — [unit] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — ERIM (male workers/personnel group?) — [broken sign(s), text lost] Line 4: [2(N14)] 7(N01) — [units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — UB (storage bin/compartment?) — PA(?) (overseer/ration/class…

Economy

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