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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 4 / 31

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2843

4(N01), U8 (ewes) 7(N01), UD5~a (she-goats) 1(N14) 1(N01), UTUA~a (commodity: 11) 1(N14) 6(N01), UDUNITA~a (rams/male sheep: 16) 1(N14) 1(N01), NUN~b (qualifier category: 11) 3(N14)# 8(N01), MASZ2 (goats: 38, numeral partly damaged) 1(N34) 2(N14) 7(N01), UDU~a 1(N57) BA (sheep, total: disbursed/allotted) ,

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/01

(Obverse) 1. 2 (units) — sanga-official (chief administrator); RAD~a (unclear archaic term, possibly a title/action) 2. [...] — [...] (broken) 3. 1 (unit) — NA2~a (bed/platform sign); AB~a (cattle-stall / institutional term) 4. 2 (units) — E2~b (house/institution); PA~a (overseer / ration-category sign) 5. [...] — [...] (broken) 6. [...] — [...]; GIR3@g~c (foot/path sign, compound reading); SZUBUR (dependent workers / people of Subir); SIG (low-grade / wool-quality / brick sign); RAD~a (unclear archaic term) (Reverse: additional case-divisions with further signs are visible in the photograph,…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/02

[...], [...] SAG (head/person) X [...], [...] X [...], [...] X [...] 4(N01), [...] 5(N01), X TUR [...] , SI |(U8×TAR)~b| AL [...], [...] SANGA TE RAD [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/05

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] 3(N01) X [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/09

(Obverse) Column i 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] x 3. [...] 1(N50) 4(N45) [...] , [...] 4. 1(N63) 1(N50) 4(N48) 7(N34) [...] , x [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. [...] , [...] (Remainder of tablet — edges and reverse shown in photograph — uninscribed or bearing no legible signs beyond the numerical impressions noted above.)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/16

[...] , [...] ... [...] , [...] house/institution (E2) [...] , ... AN GUB3 ("left/standing") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) 1(N04) AN ... , TE SZUBUR (dependent workers?) 1(N01) , GUG2 NI (oil/fat pouch?) [...] , [...] 1(N01) , interior/contents (ŠA3) [...] 1(N01) , AN SAGSZU ("persons in hand/under authority") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) bird (MUŠEN) goat/interest (MAŠ) AN NI 1(N01) , AN NI ... [...] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/17

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] storehouse(?) (E2~a) X [...] , [...] [...] , X AN, egg/roe(?) (NUNUZ~a0) 1 (unit) , MAR(~a) NI(~a) 1 (unit) , KA(~a) A [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , [...] given/deposited(?) (RU) 1 (unit) , NI(~a) A 1 (unit) , KU(~b1) AN [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/02

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] (broken) Line 2: [...] , UTUA~a (broken count — commodity: UTUA~a) Line 3: 1(N14) , UDUNITA~a — "1 (unit N14): male sheep (ram)" Line 4: 2(N14) 7(N01) , NUN~b# — "2 (units N14) + 7 (units N01): NUN~b (category/grade)" Line 5: [...] SIG# RAD~a# — broken; then SIG, then RAD~a Line 6: 1(N34)# 2(N14)# [...] , [...] UDU~a [...] — "1 (unit N34) + 2 (units N14) [...]: [...] sheep [...]"

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/03

[...] , [...] 2(N01) , LAL2~a NE~a 3(N01) , [broken sign] [...] [...] , [...] [(no entry)] , [...] [...] 1(N34) 2(N14) 3(N01) , [...] URU~a1 ("settlement") BU~a PA~a [...] , [...] A ("water") [...] , [...] AN [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] APIN~b ("plow") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a U4 ("day/sun") [...] , [...] [broken sign] PAP~a SAL ("woman") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a MA ("boat/vessel") [...] , [...] [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] [broken sign] [...] , [...] [broken sign]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/04

(Case 1) [...] , [...] x [broken] (Case 2) [...] , [...] x SZUBUR (dependent-workers/Subarians) — EN (lord/high official) — ZATU624 [sign uncertain, damaged] — NU (negation/classifier particle) (Case 3) [...] , RU (given/deposited) — KI (place/locative) (Case 4) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 5) , URU (city/settlement) (Case 6) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 7) 1(N14) 7(N01) [...] , x [...] [numeral notation: one N14-unit, seven N01-units] (Case 8) [...] , [...] [broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/05

(Column entry 1) [...] , [...] (Column entry 2) 1(N50) 5(N14) , ERIM~a (workers/laborers) KUR~a (highland/foreign-land designation) U2~b (fodder/plant material) [...] (Column entry 3) 4(N14) 5(N01) , [...] (Column entry 4) [...] , [...] (Column entry 5) 3(N34) 5(N01) , UDU~a (sheep/small livestock) (Column entry 6) [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/07

(Case 1) 4(N14) 1(N01) — barley(SZE), [commodity/ration], SAG, RAD. (Case 2) [...] , [...] (Case 3) 9(N14) — |3(N57).E2(b)|, KITI. (Case 4) 6(N14) 2(N01) — |E2(a)×3(N58)|, ZATU795, LAM(b). (Case 5) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39a) 1(N24) — [...] X. (Case 6) [...] , [...] X.

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/08

(Obverse) 1. 3(N14) , SU~a, PAP~a 2. 4(N01) [...], [broken sign] [...] 3. 4(N01) , [2 unidentified signs] 4. 1(N01) , SZA 5. 1(N01) , DI 6. 1(N01) , [sign, broken] 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] (broken) 8. [...] , [...] (broken) (Reverse / final line) 9. 1(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) , |(UDU~axTAR)~a| TAK4~a [sign] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/10

[...] , [...] [...] 1(N01), UTUA~a 1(N14) 7(N01), NUN~b 7(N01), rams (UDUNITA~a) 9(N01), goats (MASZ2) (entry:) barley-NAM2 (ŠE~a.NAM2) 3(N01), sheep (UDU~a) (blank / case divider) 5(N14) 1(N01), [...] LAGAB~a, DUB~a [...] , [...] X 3(N01), BAR

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/14

[...], [...] 1 (unit) — oil(?), wood/wood-product 1 (unit) — ZATU694-sign, beer [...], [...] beer, X 2 (units) — highland/foreign(-designated), fodder/plant material, copper, copper 2 (units) — X, [...] [...], [...] 1 (unit) [...], [...] 3 (units) — workers/men, lion(-product?) 1 (unit) [...], X [...] [...], [...] mouth/gate(?) [...], [...] 3 (units, N57-system) — house/institution (E2)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/17

[...], [...] 2 (units) ewes (U8) 2 (tens) 2 (units) she-goats (UD5~a) 1 (unit) UTUA~a (commodity uncertain) 6 (units) [of] NUN~b (grade/category) 1 (unit) ram (UDUNITA~a, male sheep) 1 (unit) goat (MASZ2) [3 (tens)] 3 (units), sheep (UDU~a) [...], hand of the ox (ŠU GU4) , KU~b1(fish/food sign), MUNSZUB~b, ox, place/locative KI [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/21

(Obverse) 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] 3. [...] , [...] SI (horn?) — LU2 (man) 4. 1 — MAR-vessel(?), "I" 5. 1 — ŠIR-vessel: NI (oil/fat?) 6. [...] , [...] ... AN 7. [...] , [...] 8. , [...] 9. [...] 2 — NUN (category/quality marker) 10. [...] 1 — UDU.NITA (male sheep, ram) 11. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 12. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 13. [...] 2 (large-unit count) — [...] 14. [...] 2 — [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/23

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] , [...] IB [...] URI 3(N01) , [...] [x] [...] , [...] 1(N57) BA [x] SIG 2(N01) , [x] 1(N01) [...] , NUN(?) [...] [...] , [...] DA 1(N01) , U2 NUNUZ , NAM2 KAB [...] , [...] IB [...] , [...] [x] [...] , [...] [x] NI MA [...] , [...] A(?) GA2(?) [...] [...] , [...] (remainder broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/27

(Obverse) [...] 1(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01), dependent-workers/Šubur(-people) — RAD(sign, damaged) [...] 7(N01), purchase/exchange(?) 1(N01), house/institution(E2) — KI(place/locative, damaged) [...] (Reverse, following break) [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...] AL(sign, damaged) 2(N57), salt(?) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/28

(Obverse) [...] , [...] , 2(N57) PA~a UR3~b2 [...] , [...] , 1(N57) PAP~a SU~a 7(N01) , BA 6(N01) , GI [5(N01)] , [KALAM~b] 1(N14) 8(N01) , [...] DU TE [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2868

1. 8 (units, N34-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — barley-NAM2 (ŠE.NAM2, compound sign) 2. 8 (units, N34-count): GA-sign — GAL (“large/great”) 3. 3 (units, N34-count): NAM2 — PA — RAD — [...] (sign(s) broken/lost) 4. 2 (units, N34-count): DI — RAD 5. 1 (unit, N34-count): GIR3 (“foot”-sign) 6. 4 (units, N14-count) “egg”-sign (NUNUZ); 3 (units, N57-count): EN2.E2 (compound sign) 7. 1 (unit, N01-count): EŠDA 8. 2 (units, N48-count), 2 (units, N34-count), 4 (units, N14-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — NE 9. (no numeral given): SANGA — TE — RAD

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/01

1. 1 (unit): PIRIG (lion / lion-product) — UDU (sheep) — E2 (house/institution) — PAP (supervisor/total marker) SU 2. [...] : [...] 3. [...] : [...] 4. 1 (unit): PAP SU 5. 1 (unit): ERIM (workmen/male laborers) 6. (no quantity preserved): PAP SU 7. [...] : [...] 8. 4 (units): NE (fire/fuel[-related commodity]) KI (place/locative) 9. 7 (units): BU (plant / disbursement[?]) KI (place/locative) 10. 6 (units): TUR (small/junior category) NI (oil/fat[?]) 11. [...] : [...] SZE (barley)#? 12. [...] : [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/03

[...] , storehouse (GA₂): barley, fodder-plant [...] 1(N01) , AN, workers (ERIM), lion(-product) (PIRIG) [...] 1(N01) , fish (KU₆), workers (ERIM), goat/interest (MAŠ) [...] , workers (ERIM), lion(-product) (PIRIG) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] , goat/interest (MAŠ), place/KI [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/04

1. 9(N01) units, [...] RU (given/deposited?) 2. 3(N01) units, MAR~a — DA~a — AN 3. 3(N01) units [...], [illegible sign] [illegible sign] [...] 4. [...] 2(N01) units, [illegible sign] [...] 5. 1(N01) unit [...], [...] 6. [...], [...] 1(N57 unit) BA (disbursed?) [...] 7. [...], [illegible sign] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/05

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] — [...] [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] SA(?) [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] [...] — [...] 3 (units) — NA, deposited/given (RU), musician (NAR) 1 (unit) — ZATU823 (sign of unknown reading) 1 (unit) — NI, fish (KU6), NA(~b) 1 (unit) — MAR (boat/container?), X [...] [...] — [...] [...] — male sheep / ram (UDUNITA) [...] — NUN (marker) [...] 1 (unit) — goat (MAŠ2)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/06

(Fragmentary tablet; text preserved only in isolated cases across multiple broken lines) 1. [...], [...] 2. [...], [...] she-goat(s) (UD5) 3. [...], [...] ram(s) (UDUNITA) 4. [...], [...] 5. [...] 1(N01), [...] (illegible sign) 6. [...], settlement/city (URU) — person/worker (LU2) 7. 1(N01), UTUA (oven/heated-vessel category, commodity unclear) 8. 3(N01), ram(s) (UDUNITA) 9. 2(N01), NUN (qualifier/category marker, meaning uncertain) 10. [...] 1(N01), [...] 11. [...], [...] 12. [...], [...] 13. [...], [...] 14. [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/08

[...], [...] 1(N01), SU — PIRIG — EN — U2 [...], NUNUZ — NI [...] 1(N01), ... DA ... [...] 1(N01), ... [...] 1(N01), ... [...] [...], [...] [...], [...] [...], [...] [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/09 + MS 2869/10

[...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N57) salt (MUN) 2(N01) , builder/mason (ŠIDIM) [...] 1(N01) , vizier/minister (SUKKAL) [...] 1(N01) , [sign undetermined] [...] 5(N01) [...] , [...] 3(N14) [sign undetermined] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/15

(Case) [...], [...] wool (SIG2~b?) (Case) [...], [...] received/into-the-hand-of (ŠU2?) (Case) [...], [...] (Case) [...], ewe (U8) (Case) [...], she-goat (UD5~a) (Case) 1(N01) [...], X (Case) [...], [...] (Case) [...], [...] (Case) 2(N01) [...], [...] (Case) [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/17

[...] , [...] (illegible sign) [...] , [...] cloth/garment (TUG₂) [...] , [...] (illegible sign), workers/men (ERIM) [...] , [...] (broken) [...] 1 (unit) , [...] (illegible sign) 2 (unit) , BAN-measure [...] , [...] (broken) [...] , [...] (broken) [...] , [...] (broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/18

(Line 1) [...], [...] (Line 2) 1(N14) 4(N01), [...] (Line 3) 1(N14) 4(N01), male sheep (UDUNITA) (Line 4) [...], NUN(-marked entry) (Line 5) [...], [...] (Line 6) [...] 2(N34) 5(N14) 5(N01), [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/19

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , X [sign(s) illegible] , plow(-team) [APIN] 2(N01) [numeral 'two'] , plow(-team) [APIN] X [sign illegible] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , AN [sky/divine marker?] bird [MUŠEN] A [sign, uncertain] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , sheep [UDU] X X [signs illegible] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , NI [oil/fat?] X SA [sign, commodity?] , [...] [...] 2(N01) [numeral 'two'] , [...] , [...] [...] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , [...] , HI [qualifier, 'mixed'?] plow(-team) [APIN] BA [disbursed/allotted] , [...] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/22

1. 4(N01) , [...] 2. 3(N01) , [...] 3. [...] , [...] 4. 2(N01) , [...] 5. 5(N01)(?) , [...] ... 6. 3(N01) , ... ERIM (workers/men) 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] ... 8. [...] , [...] 9. , SIG ... [...] 10. [...] , [...] 11. 1(N14) 6(N01) [...] , MASZ2 (kid/goat) 12. [...] , [...] SAL (woman) E PAP

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/23

(Case 1) [...] , [...] (Case 2) [...] , SZITA~a1(?) SI (Case 3) [...] , X SAGSZU (Case 4) [...] , [...] AL (Case 5) [...] , [...] (Case 6) [...] 1(N01) , SZU X (Case 7) 1(N01) , KA~a KASZ~c MA (Case 8) 2(N01) , KASZ~c MA [...] (Case 9) 2(N01) , AN [...] (Case 10) [...] , [...] (Case 11) [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/25

[...] , [...] 1(N01) — EN(?) [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01)# , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] (closing line): AB(-enclosure) — NUNUZ(-egg/seed)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/28

(Column/line 1) [...] , [...] 2(N01) , X SAL [...] 1(N01) , ZATU628~b [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] , APIN~a GIR3~c ZATU839 [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/29

(Obverse) [...], [...] [...], [...] X [...] 1(N01), KU~b1 NI~a [...], [...] [...] 1(N01), [...] 2(N01), X [...] 1(N01), X [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/31

[...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] [...] 1(N14) 3(N01) , [...] PAP~a X X MUN~a1(?) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/32

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X 1(N01) [...] , X [...] [...] , [...] [...] , X [...] [...] , ZATU628 [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] AB TE [...] , [...] TUM [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/34

1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] 1(N01) , GI6 GU4 KASZ(?) ŠA3 — "[...], 1 unit: night/black(?), ox, beer(?), interior/contents" 3. [...] , [...] DU NI — "[...], ..., brought/delivered, oil(?)" 4. [...] , [...] X — "[...], ..., [illegible sign]" 5. 1(N01) , SAGSZU AN — "1 unit: total-in-hand(?) of AN" 6. [...] , [...] 7. [...] , [...] UD5(?) [...] — "[...], ..., she-goat(?), [...]"

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/36

(Line 1) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 2) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 3) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 4) 1(N01) [one unit], [...] X (sign broken/illegible) (Line 5) 1(N01), DUG~b×X (a jar-sign compound, vessel type uncertain) [...] (Line 6) 1(N01)?, X (sign broken/illegible) [...] (Line 7) [...], [...] (entirely broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2964

1. 1(N45) 5(N34) , grain (ŠE₃) 2. 1(N45) 3(N48) 3(N34) 5(N14) , commodity-sign ZATU837~a (undeciphered) 3. 1(N48) 8(N34) 3(N14) 6(N01) , commodity-sign ZATU837~b (undeciphered) 4. 1(N48) 8(N34) 1(N14) 2(N01) , grain (ŠE₃) 5. 3(N45) 1(N48) 5(N34) 4(N14) , [total / final entry, commodity not specified]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2997

(Line 1) [...] , [...] (Line 2) SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — EN (lord/high official) — TE (uncertain category) (Line 3) [...] , [...] (Line 4) 1(N01): SI (horn?) — KU — PA (overseer) — E2 (house/estate) (Line 5) 1(N01): SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — GI (reed?) — IN — AN (sky/divine marker) — PA (overseer) (Line 6) KALAM (land/country) — PA (overseer) — BU (Line 7) 1(N01): SI (horn?) — LAGAB — AN (sky/divine marker) — SAG (head) — GI (reed?) (Line 8) [...] , [...] (Line 9) 4(N14): SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — EN (lord/high official) — RAD (uncertain)@g [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3002

Obverse (list of entries, each giving a quantity followed by commodity/personnel notations): 1. 2(N14) 4(N01) — barley (ŠE), AN, PIRIG~b1 2. 1(N14) 4(N01) — MUD, NUN~a 3. 1(N14) 4(N01) — LUM, MA 4. 3(N14) 1(N01) — DAR~b, PAP~a 5. 2(N14) 2(N01) — PAP~a, PIRIG~b1 6. 1(N14) 4(N01) — KI, GAL~a, DU 7. 2(N14) 3(N01) — BU~a, DU 8. 3(N14) 2(N01) — SAL 9. 4(N14) — ŠAB~a (ruled divider / blank line) Summary line: 2(N45) 3(N14) — barley (ŠE), new (GIBIL), day/UD, PAP~a, IB~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3004

Obverse: (1) 3(N01) units — barley (ŠE~a), MUD, NUN~a (2) 2(N39~a) 1(N24)(?) units — [sign broken], new/fresh (GIBIL) (3) 1(N01) unit — [sign broken], PAP~a(?) (4) 1(N01) unit — [sign broken], DAR~b Reverse: (5) 5(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24) units [total] — day/marker (U4), barley (ŠE~a), new/fresh (GIBIL), PAP~a, IB~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3150

1. 7(N01), BA (disbursed) — SAL (female/woman[-category]) — KISZ (category/group) 2. 6(N01), SZA3~a2 (uncertain sign/term) 3. 2(N01), |U4x4(N57)| (compound U4-sign, quantifier 4) 4. 2(N01), |U4x3(N57)| (compound U4-sign, quantifier 3) 5. 6(N01), |U4x2(N57)| (compound U4-sign, quantifier 2) 6. 5(N01), |U4x1(N57)| (compound U4-sign, quantifier 1) 7. 2(N01), NINDA2#? (bread [uncertain]) 8. [illegible], X X (two unidentified/damaged signs) 9. 2(N01), |U4x1(N57)| PAP~a#? (compound U4-sign, quantifier 1; PAP~a, uncertain — supervisory/summary marker?) 10. [...] (break — remainder lost)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3152

7 units of UTUA~a. 4 units of UDUNITA~a (rams). 1 unit of NUN~b. 2 units of GAL~a MASZ2 (large kid-goats). 2 units of |U4x2(N57)| MASZ (kid-goats, U4x2(N57)-marked). In the storehouse (GA2~a1), (of) ZATU647, (of) NUN~a, delivered (GIR3~c) — (by) the fattener (GURUSZDA~a). 16 sheep (UDU~a), (of) ZATU647, storehouse (GA2~a1), (of) NUN~a, delivered (GIR3~c) — (by) the fattener (GURUSZDA~a).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3153

Obverse: Case 1: 2(N34) 5(N14) [numerical notation] — KUR~a KISZ Case 2: 3(N34) 2(N14) 3(N01) [numerical notation] — KISZ SAL Reverse: Case 3: 5(N34) 2(N14) 1(N01) [numerical notation] — EN~a Case 4: 5(N14) 2(N01) [numerical notation] — ERIM~a Case 5: 6(N34) 1(N14) 3(N01) [numerical notation] — KISZ

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3158

Obverse: 4(N01), AMAR — "4 units: calf/young-animal (sign AMAR)" 2(N01), GEŠTU — "2 units: sign GEŠTU (‘ear’)" 2(N01), GAL UR3 — "2 units: sign GAL-UR3 (‘great roof/threshing-floor’ compound)" 1(N01), |EN×NUN| — "1 unit: compound sign EN×NUN" 2(N01), MAR — "2 units: sign MAR (boat/vessel?)" 3(N01), GAN2 — "3 units: sign GAN2 (‘field’)" 2(N01), |ŠU2×EN| — "2 units: compound sign ŠU2×EN" 1(N01), TUKU — "1 unit: sign TUKU" 1(N14) 1(N01), |GA2×X| — "11 units: compound sign GA2×(illegible element)" 2(N14) 4(N01), BA — "24 units: sign BA (disbursement marker)" 5(N14) 2(N01), KISZ SIG2 BA — "52 units…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3164

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] 1 (N01 unit) , [...] 1 (N01 unit) , [...] 1 (N01 unit) , [...] 1 (N01 unit) , MAR~a (container/boat[?]) [...] , EN~a (lord/official) [...] [...] , [...] 1 (N14 unit) , KISZ — |BU~a+DU6~a| (compound sign) — ERIN (workforce/troops) — EN~a (lord/official) — X (illegible sign)

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