Old Babylonian

“Say to Utu my lord, the exalted judge of heaven and earth, who cares for the Land, who renders verdicts; just god, who loves to keep man alive, who heeds entreaty, who extends mercy, who knows ...... compassion, who loves justice, who selects honesty, ......: Repeat to the bearded one, the son of Ningal, ...... a lapis-lazuli beard, who opens the bolts of heaven and earth (1 ms. has instead: who opens the bolts), who creates brightness in darkness; foremost lord who alone is resplendent, whose greatness is unequalled; warrior, son given birth by Ningal, who guards and gathers together the divine powers; just god, prince who determines all the fates, my lord, father of the black-headed: this is what Sîn-iddinam, king of Larsa, your servant, says:”

Source: ETCSL c.3.2.05: Letter from Sîn-iddinam to the god Utu about the distress of Larsa. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.2.05

“Speak to my lord: this is what Sîn-illat the general, your servant, says: When I moved opposite Kakkulatum, the Martu rose up from their ambush with their weapons (?). When I ......, I captured 70 (?) ...... and brought them into Kakkulatum. If my lord arranges for the troops to encamp, let him have them take their tied-up leather sacks. If my lord arranges for the troops not to encamp, then let them stay put (2 mss. have instead: then let them go). May my lord know (1 ms. has instead: This is urgent)!”

Source: ETCSL c.3.2.01: Letter from Sîn-illat to Iddin-Dagan about confronting the Martu. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.2.01

“Say to Cu-Suen, my lord: this is what Carrum-bani, the 'Sage of the Assembly', your servant, says: You sent me a message ordering me to work on the construction of the great fortification MurÏq-tidnim. You presented yourself before me (1 ms. has instead: A messenger presented himself before me), announcing: "The Martu have invaded the land". You instructed me (1 ms. has instead: You have imposed on me as a task (?)) to build the fortification, so as to cut off their route; also, that no breaches of the Tigris or the Euphrates should cover the fields with water. When I was setting out, their ...... from the bank of the Abgal watercourse to the province of Zimudar.”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.15: Letter from Sharrum-bani to Shu-Suen about keeping the Martu at bay. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.15

“Say to Carrum-bani: this is what Cu-Suen, your lord, says: The messenger whom you have sent to me ....... ...... you do not exceed ...... my instructions, as I ordered you. 1 line unclear As for myself, whatever you say to me ....... When you went into the province -- who but you (?) has approached the province? Midnight ....... When their dignitaries have ...... their words, if ...... 1 line unclear Their dignitaries should stand by you in (?) their quarters. When their ...... have been cast away, they themselves ...... the province. If ...... officials should pass by (?), 1 line unclear By (?) placing the enemy, their cities, their borders ......, until they come down (1 ms. has instead: they come out from their fortress), they must not overturn it!”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.16: Letter from Shu-Suen to Sharrum-bani about digging a trench. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.16

“To Aradju ......: ...... Culgi (?) ......: 2 lines fragmentary As regards your concern ....... May ....... For their troops ...... not ....... 1 line fragmentary Their troops .......”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.13.1: Letter from Shulgi (?) to Aradju about troops. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.13.1

“Say to Aradju: This is what your lord Culgi says: Because Aba-indasa, the captain of the pledged troops, had sent a letter concerning ......, he (?) indeed insisted on clamping down heavily, when you have borne (?) the offence. Why do they (?) let him rise up from among their troops and make him enter ...... of my guard? Carry (?) it (?), and have your heart bear (?) the offence, ...... the enemy has departed, and then return him to (?) their troops! From my own ......, ...... the fortress ....... approx. 2 lines fragmentary I had set up ....... ...... the fortress ......, you knew (?) ....... ...... sending my letter by his hand (?), ...... return him (?) to their troops!”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.06.1: Letter from Shulgi to Aradngu about Aba-indasa. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.06.1

“Say to Aradju: this is what Culgi, your lord, says: The man to whom I have sent you is not your subordinate -- he will not accept (1 ms. has instead: change) orders from your hand! How can you ignore what he himself has done too, and that it is indeed so? As I myself ordered, you were to secure the provinces, and to correctly guide the people and make them obedient (2 mss. have instead: secure the foundations of the provinces). When you approach the cities of the provinces, inform yourself precisely of their intentions, and inform yourself of the words of their dignitaries. Let my roar be…”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.02: Letter from Shulgi to Aradngu about Apillasha. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.02

“Say to Icbi-Erra: this is what Culgi, your lord, says: You have made me so happy with the news and everything. Who could give me a house-born slave such as you are? Who has such a capable man, so beneficial to his lord? Now, no sign can confirm (?) anything of what I have been sending to you, but I have sent it to you anyway (?). I had Babati ......, the ...... official -- who is to me a grandfather, an advisor of longstanding, who knows how to give advice -- send you 600 talents of silver and 600 talents of gold, which I had delivered (?) to you because (?) of the taking of ...... from my troops.”

Source: ETCSL c.3.1.13.2: Letter from Shulgi to Ishbi-Erra about the purchase of grain. Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E. & Zólyomi, G. (eds.), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.3.1.13.2