Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 026. Straw and Reeds for Dur-Šarruken (NL 032)

“(1) The king's word to the go[vernor] (of Calah): (2) 700 bales of straw and 700 bundles of reeds, each bundle more than a donkey can carry, must be at hand in Dur-Šarruken by the 1st of Kislev (IX). Should (even) one day pass by, you will die.”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P224403/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 027. Give Straw or Die!

“(Beginning destroyed) (1) ......] must be at hand and [...! Should even one day pass by, y]ou will die! (3) I am writing to you right [now]: [as long as] I am here, [...] quickly [and ...] bales of straw [...... in your] hands [...... (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P336595/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 029. The King of Urarṭu on the Offensive (ABL 0198+)

“(1) [To] the king, my lord: [your servant] Sin-ahhe-riba. Good health to the king, my lord! [Assyri]a is well, [the temp]les are well, all [the king's forts] are well. The king, my lord, can be glad indeed. (8) They are working on [the fort in Kumme; their] work [... is mak]ing [good progress]. A messen[ger of Ariye] has come [into] m[y presence] (with the following message): (11) "[The (ruler) of Ukku has written to] the Urarṭian king [that the govern]ors of the king of Assyria are building [a fort in Kumme], and the Urarṭian king has [give]n his governors (the following) order: 'Take your…”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P334143/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 030. The King Of Urarṭu Defeated by the Cimmerians (ABL 1079)

“(Break) (1) "[...... I have] appointed your [major]-domo in [my] palace." (2) [Thi]s was the report of Aššur-reṣuwa. [Šulmu]-Bel, the deputy of the Palace Herald came into my presence (with the following report): (4) "Urzana has written to me: 'The troops of the Urarṭian king have been defeated on his expedition against the Cimmerians. The governor of Waisi has been killed; we do not have detailed information yet, but as soon as we have it, we will send you a full report.' (r 3) "[Further: The] cavalrymen [under the command of Šar]ru-lu-dari have disappeared and are on the run in Urarṭu. [The sc]outs of the household of the Palace Herald [operating in the t]erritory of Hubuškia [......] have caught [...... the city of] Birate [......" (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P334721/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 031. More on the Cimmerian Defeat (ABL 0197)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Sin-ahhe-riba. Good health to the king, my lord! Assyria is well, the temples are well, all the king's forts are well. The king, my lord, can be glad indeed. (8) The Ukkaean has sent me (this message): "The troops of the Urarṭian king have been utterly defeated on his expedition against the Cimmerians; eleven of his governors have been eliminated [with] their troops; his commander-in-chief and two of his governors [have been taken prisoners]. He (himself) came to take [the road to ......] came [...... the pr]efects of his country [......] stationed [in…”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P334142/

Read the full tablet entry

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 032. Urarṭu After the Cimmerian Rout (NL 046)

“(1) [To the king, my lord: yo]ur [servant S[in-ahhe-riba. Good health to the king, m]y lord! Assyria [is well], the temples [are well], all the [forts o]f the king [are well; the king, my lord], can be glad indeed. (8) [......] the Itu'ean [......] who [......] from the city of Ištahup has now been brought to me from [...]ratta. I inquired him [about the Urarṭi]ans and he told me: (11) "The Urarṭian [and his magnates were defeated] on their expedition [against] the Cimmerians, and they are very much afraid of the king, my lord. They tremble and keep silent like women, and nobody [...] the…”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P224433/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 033. Tribute of Commagene (ABL 0196)

“(1) To the king, my lord: [your servant Sin]-ahhe-riba. [Good health to] the king, my lord! Assyria is well, the temples are well, all the king's forts are well. The king, my lord, can be glad indeed. (8) The emissaries of Commagene have come, bringing tribute and with it seven teams of mules. The tribute and the mules are entrusted in the Commagenean embassy, and the emissaries too are there, eating their own bread. (15) Should they (the tribute and the mules) be picked up and brought to Babylon, or can they be received here? Let them immediately write me what the king my lord commands. (19)…”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P334141/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 01 034. Distributing Tribute and Audience Gifts (ABL 0568)

“(1) [To the king, my lord: your servant Sin-ahhe-riba. Good] health [to the king, my lord! Assyria is w]ell, the temples are well, all the king's forts are well. The king, my lord, can be glad indeed. (8) Two talents of silver, 20 minas of silver in place of ivory, 50 tunics, 10 togas, 3 potfuls of iced fish, 20 creels with 1,000 fish, all tribute; one mural crown of gold, 20 silver bowls, 4 togas of byssus, 15 Hasaean tents, 10 tunics, 10 large togas, all audience gift: all this to the Palace; (14) 3 minas of silver, 2 tunics, 3 togas, tribute; 10 minas of silver, 5 tunics, 5 togas, audience…”

Source: Parpola, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. SAA 1. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/P334390/

Read the full tablet entry