Chapter 03 · 2334 – 2154 BCE

Akkadian Empire

Sargon brings rival city-states under imperial rule.

Illustration: A temple priestess and scribes working in an Akkadian-period courtyard
A temple courtyard at Ur, around 2300 BCE.

~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Cylinder 06

“(i 1) ....... (ii 1') ........ He made the dragon raise its neck high. ... manu-wood .... Its ... did sit in the ... for him. You did capture the dragon and kill it; you indeed made it lie at your feet. (iii 1') My father, although it was a warrior, I did kill the Six-headed wild ram in its mountain. (iii 4') The Date palm grew very tall over the mountain, the pure place. (iv 1') Because ....., ... do not eat good food; do not drink fresh water in Ŋirsu.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001534/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Cylinder 07

“(i 1') ... lapis lazuli .... (ii 1') ... of the Land, its mooring stake .... (iii 1') ... temple ... Land ....”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001535/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Cylinder 10

“(i 1') Enlil said to lord Ninĝirsu: .... (ii 1') ....”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001538/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Statue A

“(shoulder 1) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built the E-ninnu of Ninĝirsu. (statue i 1) For Ninḫursaĝa, the lady who had become one with the city, the mother of all children, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple in the city of Ĝirsu. He fashioned her holy chest, fashioned her lofty throne of ladyhood, and brought them before her into her lofty temple. He transported diorite from the mountains of Magan, fashioned his statue from it, named it for her sake "The lady, who decides the fates in heaven and earth, Nintur, the mother of the gods, has prolonged the life of Gudea, the temple-builder", and brought it before her into the temple.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001540/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Statue AA

“(i 1') ... restoring his beloved temple .... ... for Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, ....”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001565/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Statue B

“(i 1) From the temple of his master, 1 sila of beer, 1 sila of bread, half a sila of flour, and half a sila of husked emmer groats are the regular offerings placed before the statue of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, builder of the E-ninnu. If a ruler revokes this and (thereby) strips (the statue) of the divine powers of Ninĝirsu, then may his regular offerings from the temple of Ninĝirsu be revoked, and may his (statue's) mouth remain closed. (ii 1) When Ninĝirsu had looked favourably upon his city, and chosen Gudea as the true shepherd of the Land, taking him by the hand from among the multitude of…”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001541/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Statue C

“(i 1) Ninĝišzida is the personal god of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built the E-ana. (ii 1) For Inana, the lady of all lands, his lady, after she had looked at him with her life-giving look, Gudea, (whose) name is everlasting, ruler of Lagaš, the builder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, being a ruler of Lagaš with broad wisdom and a slave who loves his lady, he made a magical drawing on the brick making shed, and made a standard shine at the clay pit. He mixed the clay in a pure place, and made the (first) brick in an undefiled place. He purified the foundation pit by carrying around fire, and anointed…”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001542/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea Statue D

“(shoulder 1) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš. (statue i 1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, (whose) name is everlasting, the boat-tower of Enlil, the shepherd chosen by Ninĝirsu in the heart, the powerful steward of Nanše, who submits to the orders of Bau, the child born by Ĝatumdug, entrusted with authority and the lofty sceptre by Ig-alima, provided richly with vigour by Šul-šagana, the just person loved by his city, made an eternal thing appear: he built his E-ninnu-anzud-babbar, (and) built his beloved divine audience chamber from fragrant cedarwood…”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001543/

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