Chapter 03 · 2334 – 2154 BCE

Akkadian Empire

Sargon brings rival city-states under imperial rule.

Illustration: A temple priestess and scribes working in an Akkadian-period courtyard
A temple courtyard at Ur, around 2300 BCE.

~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 068

“(1) For Ninḫursaĝa, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001504/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 069

“(1) To Ninizimua, ... dedicated this (cup) .... The name of this libation vessel is "My compassionate personal god will rise on the horizon".”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001505/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 070

“(1) For Ninmarki, the kind woman, the firstborn child of Nanše, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her wall of Guabbatur, and inside it he built her temple.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001506/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 071

“(1) For Ninšubur, the envoy of An, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001507/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 072

“(1) For Ninšubur, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000924/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 073

Attests Gudea's construction of the E-kitušakkile for Šul-šagana, son of the city-god Ninĝirsu — adding one temple to the documented building programme that defined Lagaš's late third-millennium religious landscape.

“(1) For Šul-šagana, the beloved child of Ninĝirsu, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his E-kitušakkile.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000925/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 074

“(1') ..., his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his temple in Ĝirsu.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001508/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 075

Records Gudea's restoration of the city wall of Ĝirsu, attesting the ruler of Lagaš's building piety toward Ninĝirsu during the post-Akkadian revival of Sumerian royal inscription traditions.

“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, restored his city wall of Ĝirsu.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001509/

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