Chapter 03 · 2334 – 2154 BCE
Akkadian Empire
Sargon brings rival city-states under imperial rule.

~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 060
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, ...”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001501/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 061
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, Gudea, ...”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001502/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 062
Dedicatory inscription recording Gudea's construction of a temple for his personal deity Ninĝišzida at Ĝirsu — one of dozens of such texts that together map the patron-god relationships structuring Lagašite royal piety around 2130 BCE.
“(1) For Ninĝišzida, his personal god, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the bulder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, built his temple in Ĝirsu.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000919/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 063
Dedicatory inscription in which Gudea records building a temple for his personal god Ninĝišzida at Ĝirsu, attesting the Lagašite ruler's direct patron-deity relationship and the city's late third-millennium sacred building programme.
“(1) For Ninĝišzida, his personal god, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, devotee of Ĝatumdug, built his temple in Ĝirsu.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000920/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 064
Attests Gudea's construction of a temple to Ninĝišzida in Ĝirsu, documenting the Lagašite ruler's personal divine patronage and his city's sacred building program ca. 2130 BCE.
“(1) For Ninĝišzida, his personal god, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his temple in Ĝirsu.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000921/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 065
“(Caption 1, 1) Ninĝišzida, his personal god. (Caption 2, 1) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001503/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 066
Votive dedication by Gudea of Lagaš to his personal god Ninĝišzida — one of dozens of such inscriptions that collectively map the theology of divine patronage in the Lagašite revival after Akkadian imperial collapse.
“(1) To Ninĝišzida, his personal god, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, dedicated this (vessel/bowl/pedestal) for his well-being.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000922/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 067
“(1) For Ninḫursaĝa, the beloved mother of Ninĝirsu, the lady who had become one with the city, the mother of all children, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple in Ĝirsu.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000923/
Read the full tablet entry