Position in chronology
TJDB pl. 25, MAH 16169
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P370511.
Transliteration
a-na wa-ar-ki du-la-ti s,a-ba-at-ma a-na kar IZ BA ra szum a-na i-mi-ti-ka _e2_ ARAD-amar-utu sa-bi-im bi-ti-ni asz-sza-su a-ha-at BI-IK-KUM a-nu-um-ma 1(disz) _sag-geme2_ sza suen-re-me-ni sza _ku3-babbar_-sza u2-sza-bi-lam
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — TJDB pl. 25, MAH 16169. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland (P370511) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P370511..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.