Position in chronology
CDLI Literary 000754, ex. 035
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P356271.
Transliteration
[...]-mi#-a ga2#-sze3 i-in-ku4# [...]-za-a [...] [...] x [...] [...] x [...] x [...] x [...] [lu2] kisal#-la2#-ke4# [sar-ra]-ab#-ze2#-en#? [...] [dub]-mu# szu ba-ti x giri3-mu# dub#-mu ab-sar-re nig2-DU-un-bi [en3] nu-tar-ra-bi inim#-sze3 [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — CDLI Literary 000754, ex. 035. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (P356271) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P356271..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.