Position in chronology
RINAP 5/1 Ashurbanipal 011, ex. 177
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P399412.
Transliteration
[...] x? x x x [...] [...] u-gur u nusku# [...] [...]-na# _dingir-mesz_-ia asz2-ruk# [...] _pan#_ a-ri-ti#? [...] kit-kit-tu-u [...] elam-ma asz2-lu-la [...] _lugal#_-ti-ia u2-rad-di# [...] ma-ha#-zi szu#-[...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 5/1 Ashurbanipal 011, ex. 177. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P399412) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P399412..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.