Position in chronology
RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 049, ex. 001
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P425741.
Transliteration
[...] papnun [...] [...] szar-ra-tu [_gal_-tu ...] [... tu-ut-tu]-szu2-ma ta-asz2-szu2-szu2 a-na# [_lugal_-ti ...] [... _lugal_ kib-rat _limmu2_]-tim mi-gir _dingir-mesz [gal-mesz_ ...] [... e]-pisz# e2-sag-il2 u babila2[ ...] [... u2]-szar#-mu-u pa-rak da-ra-a-ti [...] [...] _sa2#-du11_ gi-nu-u u2-kin-nu qe2-reb-szin [...] [...] i-na-s,a-ru u4-mu _dingir_ esz-sze-[e-szu ...] [... a-na szum-qut a-a-bi _kur_] asz-szur u2-szat-bu-u _tukul-mesz_-[szu2 ...] [...] i#-szu-u la ut-tu-u sza2-ni-[na ...] [... sza2 ul-tu s,i-it ]utu-szi a-di e-reb _[utu_-szi i-sza2-risz it-tal-la-ku-ma ...] [...] pa-ni-szu te-[...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 049, ex. 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P425741) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P425741..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.