Position in chronology
RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 001, ex. 021
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P450396.
Transliteration
[...] ul-tu [...] [...]-lak#-u-ma ma-hi-ra ul i-[...] [...]-szak#-ni-szu2 sze-pu-u2-a [...] u2#-ma-'e-ru-in-ni ia-a-szi [...]-ud-du-u u3 szu-szu-bu [...] ru-up-pu-szu2 u2-mal-la-a _szu-min_-u-a [...] dun-ni [...] [...]-ti# i-szi-im# [...] [...]-bit# _mu#_-[...] _mu dingir#_ [...] a-na e-mu#-[...] a-na-ku a-na [...] [...] _gal_-[x ...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 001, ex. 021. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P450396) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P450396..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.