Position in chronology
Tiglath-pileser I 17
Translation — scholar edition
RIAo(1) Palace of Tiglath-[pileser (I), king of] Assyria, conqueror [from] Babylon [of the land Akkad] to Mount Lebanon [to the Great] Sea [of the land Amurru and] the Sea [of the Naʾiri land(s), builder of] the Cedar [Palace].
Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online — scholar edition (ORACC / MOCCI).
Transliteration
⸢É⸣.GAL mGIŠ.tukul-⸢ti⸣-[A-é-šár-ra MAN KUR da]-⸢šur⸣ ka-ši-⸢id⸣ / [iš]-⸢tu⸣ URU.⸢KÁ.DINGIR⸣.[RA.KI šá KUR ak-ka-di-i] ⸢a⸣-di KUR-e lab-na-ni / [a-di A].⸢AB⸣.[BA GAL-te šá KUR.a-mur-ri u] A.AB.BA / [šá KUR.na-i-ri DÙ É.GAL GIŠ].e-re-ni
Scholarly note
Royal inscription of an Assyrian king, published in the Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online project (RIAo). Translation reproduced from the ORACC edition. ORACC text Q005942.
Attribution
Image: Based on A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114-859 BC) (RIMA 2), Toronto, 1991. Adapted by Jamie Novotny (2015-16) and lemmatized and updated by Nathan Morello (2016-17) for the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation-funded OIMEA Project at the Historisches Seminar - Abteilung Alte Geschichte of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. The annotated edition is released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license 3.0. Please cite this page as http://oracc.org/riao/Q005942/..
Translation excerpted from Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005942/.
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.