Position in chronology
BAM 1, 037
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281808.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] x x [...] [...] x hi-im _ka_-szu la x [...] [...] tu _szub_ x it ana _ti_ [...] [...] na-te ina _kasz-sag_ ina mu-sza [...] [...] tusz#-bat ina _a2-gu2-zi-ga_ ba-lu [...] [...] _en2 kar? du3-mesz_-ma [...] x ra-ta _szesz na4_ ga-bi [...] [...] ina _gesztin du10-ga_ na-lu x [...] [...] te ina _i3_ ina _kusz_ u _kasz-sag hi-hi_ [...] [...] szu-tu2-ma _u2-mesz_ x [...] ma _du10-ga_ [...] [...] _szim_ [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — BAM 1, 037. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P281808) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281808..
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Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.