Position in chronology
TSŠ 0869
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P010924.
Why it matters
Transliteration
n(disz) szesz-tur 7(disz) mes-lu2-nu-hun 1(disz) bilx(|PAP.GESZ.BIL|)-a2!(DA)-nu-kusz2 7(disz) bara2-sag7!(SZAGAN)-nu-di 1(disz) du6-du6 1(disz) si-du3 1(disz) en-kas4 6(disz) sipa [...] gisz#? [...] BAD
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — TSŠ 0869. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Arkeoloji Müzeleri, Istanbul, Turkey (P010924) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P010924..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.