Position in chronology
TMH 05, 080
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020494.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[x] 4(u@c)#? gu4-gesz 5(asz@c) amar-gu4 utu-i3-kusz2 [x] gu4-gesz [x] gu4 ad-la2 ur-nin-urta szesz dingir-kal-ga e2?-ma-na an-szid gu4 ama-tu-kam gi szu nigin2 gu la x dingir-ga2-ab#-[e] i3-ne-[szum2] iti szu-numun!(BAL) mu ma-ri2[] [...]-hul-[x]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — TMH 05, 080. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P020494) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020494..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.