Position in chronology
TMH 05, 076
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020490.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(asz@c) gu4 GAN2 u2-x-ba-ki? 1(asz@c) gu4 ganun-mah#? lu2 hun-ga2# [...] 2(asz@c) gu4 da-[...] ganun-mah# [...] e-neda-[...] an-na-[szum2] iti ezem-gu4#-[si-su] mu#? zur-zur [...] x e2-gal lugal in-du3-a
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — TMH 05, 076. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P020490) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020490..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.